Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research

Editor-in-Chief & Founder
Yoshiaki Omura, M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.A., F.I.C.A.E., F.A.A.I.M., F.R.S.M., D.A.B.F., A.B.F.M.
Mailing address: 800 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
Phone (212) 781-6262, Fax (212) 923-2279
icaet@yahoo.com

President, International College of Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics; Director of Medical Research, Heart Disease Foundation; Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Community & Preventive Medicine, New York Medical College; Professor, Dept. of Non-Orthodox Medicine, Ukrainian National Medical University; Executive Board Member & Chairman of the Eastern Medicine Advisory Board of the American Association of Integrative Medicine (A.A.I.M.); Former Visiting Research Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Manhattan College, New York, NY, USA; Former Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, USA; Former Visiting Professor, Dept. of Psycho-physiology, University of Paris, Paris, France

EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES:
Motomu Ohki, M.Sc (Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University), F.I.C.A.E. (Honor) &
Kamila Paluch, M.S. (Bioengineering, Columbia University

Main Editor Representing China
Haifa Qiao, MD, MM
Dean and Distinguished Professor, College of Acupuncture, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian Area, Shaanxi, China

EDITORS:

Andersson, Sven, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. of Neurophysiology, Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Goteborg, Gotborg, Sweden
Araujo, M. Sanchez, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres., Latin Ameri-can Societies (FLASMA), & Integral Health & Therapeutics Research Inst. (INSIT), Caracas, Venezuela
Atsumi, Kazuhiko, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Dir.and Prof. Institute of Medical Electronics, Univ. of Tokyo, Hongo Bankyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Becker, Robert O., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Consultant Biomed.Science, former Prof. Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Med. Ctr., Starroute, Lowville, NY, USA
Beyens, Francais, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Ex-President, Belgian Assoc. of Med. Acupuncturists, Bruxelles, Belgium
Borrmann, Robert, Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./former Chairman, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Manhattan College, Bronx, NY, USA
Cao, Xiao-Ding, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Chairwoman, Dept. of Acupuncture Analgesia and former Dean of Basic Med. Science, Shanghai Med. Univ. Shanghai, PRC
Ceccherelli, Francesco, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Research Professor, Institute of Anesthesiology and Reanimation and Regulatory Center on Complementary Medicine, University of Padova, Via C. Battisti, 267-35121 Padova, Italy
Chang, Hsiang-Tung, Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Director, Shanghai Brain Research Institute Academia Sinica 319, Yo-Yang Road, Shanghai, PRC
Chen, Gong-Bai, M.D., Sc.D., F.I.C.A.E, former Prof. of Neurosurgery and Ex-President of Inst. of Neurology and of Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai Med. Univ., PRC
Chen, Yemeng, C.M.D., L.A.C., F.I.C.A.E., Academic Dean, New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA
Chun, Sae-il, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof & Director, Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Cohen, Marc, M.B.B.S. (Hons.), Ph.D., BmedSc (Hons.), F.A.M.A.S., DipAC, F.I.C.A.E., Head of Dept. of Complementary Medicine, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
Crul, Jan, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Chairman, Dept. of Anesthesiology, Radabout Zickehuls Katholic Univ., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Cyong, J., M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Chairman of Lab. Immunopharmacology, Oriental Med. Res. Ctr. of the Kitasato Inst., Tokyo, Japan
de Smul, Andre, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof., Dept. of Surgery, Pain Clinic, Akademisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Univ., Brussels, Belgium
Doenicke, Alfred, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Director of the Institute for Anesthesiology, Polyclinic, Munich Univ., Munich, Germany
Farber, Paulo L., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Director/Coordinator, Acupuncture Research Dept., Div. Obstetrics & Gynecology, Univ. of Sao Paulo Med. School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Floter, Thomas, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., President, Schmerz Therapeutisches Kolloquium Pain Treatment Ctr., Frankfurt Main, Germany
Genazzani, Andrea R., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres., Intl. Soc. of Gynecological Endocrinology, E.I.C. Gynecological Endocrinology, Prof. Inst. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Univ. of Modena, Modena, Italy
Giron, Giampiero, P., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. and Director, Instituto Di Anesthesiologia E Rianimazione, and Regulatory Center on Complementary Medicine, University of Padova, Via C. Battisti, 267-35121 Padova, Italy
Gleditsch, Jochen, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Pres., German Physicians Acupuncture Assoc., Munchen 2, Germany
Greenfield, William, D.D.S., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Assoc. Dean for Hospital and Extramural Affairs, New York Univ. Dental Ctr., New York, NY, USA
Gunn, C. Chan, M.A., A.B., M.C., Chir., F.I.C.A.E., Prof., University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA & Gunn Pain Clinic, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hayhoe, Simon, B.S., M.B., M.R.C.S., I.C.R.P., F.I.C.A.E., Ex-Chairman & Treasurer, ICMA, British Med. Acupuncture Society, Dept. of Anesthetics, Essex County Hosp., Colchester, UK
Hegyi, Gabriella, M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc., Head of Dept of CAM, Pecs University, Health Science Faculty, Hungary
Hisamitsu, Tadashi, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Chairman, Dept. of Physiology, School of Med., Showa Univ., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Hui, S. C., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Pres., Western Australian Med. Acupuncture Society, Nedlands, Western Australia
Iliev, Emil, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Chairman, Bulgarian Society of Traditional Chinese Med., Sofia, Bulgaria
Jojima, Takashi, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Pres., Brazilian Med. Acupuncture Assoc., Ave. Paes de Rarros, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Junnila, Seppo, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres., Finnish Med. Acupuncture Soc. and Mgr. of Salo District Health Care Center, Salo, Finland
Kaada, Birger, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. of Neurophysiology, Lab. of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rogaland Central Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
Kim, Ki Ho, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., F.A.A.P.M.R., Director, Kim Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Livingston, NJ, USA
Klaus, Wolfgang, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. and Chairman, Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Lee, Matthew, M.D., M.P.H., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Dir. of Rehabilitation Med., Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York Univ. Med. Center, and Pres., American Academy of Acupuncture, New York, NY, USA
Lisenyuk, Victor, M.D., Sc.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Chairman, Dept. of Non-Orthodox Med., Ukrainian National Med. Univ., Kiev, Ukraine
Lu, Dominic P., D.D.S., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof of Oral Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania; Director of Medical and Dental Externship Education and Chief of Special Care Dentistry, Lehigh Valley Hospital
Lundberg, Thomas, NI.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Physiology II, Karolinska Inst., Stockholm, Sweden
Mamtani, Ravi, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. of Clinical Preventive Med., Dir. of Med. Acupuncture Program, New York Med. College, Valhalla, NY, USA
Marcus, Paul, M.D., former Chairman, British Med. Acupuncture Soc., Admin., Newton House, Warrington, Cheshire, England
Maric-Oehler, Walburg, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres. German Med. Acupuncture Assoc., Bad Homburg, Germany
Mayroher, Otto, M.D., Dr. N.C. Mult., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. and Chairman, Inst. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Vienna, Austria
Melzack, Ronald, Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. of Psychology, McGill Univ., Montreal, Canada
Muteki, Gousuke, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. Emeritus & Former Chairman, Dept. of Anesthesiology & Dir. of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Kurume Univ., Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
Nappi, Giuseppe, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., E.I.C., Functiona Neurology, Prof. & Dir., 1st. Neurologic Ctr. Mondino, Univ. of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Negro, Francesco E., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres., 4th World Congress of Scientific Acupuncture of ICMART 90, Pres. of the Italian Acupuncture Soc., Rome, Italy
Needham, Joseph, F.R.S., F.A.B., F.I.C.A.E., Sometime Master of Gonville and Caius College and Dir., East Asian History of Sci. Library, Cambridge Univ., UK
NG, Lorenz, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Chairman of Intra-Mural Res. Lab., Natl. Inst. on Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD, USA
Niboyet, J., M.D., Sc.D., F.I.C.A.E., President of Mediterranean Acupuncture Assoc., Marseilles, France
Nissel, H., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres., Austrian Soc. of Acupuncture & Auricular Medicine, Ludwig Boltzmann Acupuncture Inst., Vienna, Austria
Nogier, Paul., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres. Groupe Lyonnais d’Etudes Medicales, E.I.C., Auriculo-Medecine, Lyon, France
Nordenstrom, Bjorn E. W., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Chairman, Nobel Committee, Karolinska Inst., Stockholm, Prof. Emeritus of Diagnostic Radiology, Karolinska Inst., Stockholm, Sweden
Orkin, Louis, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., former Prof./former Chairman, Dept. of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Otsuka, Yasuo, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Dir. Oriental Med., Inst. Kampo Med., Dept., Kitasato Univ., 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Peng, Alfred, M.D,, F.I.C.A.E., former Pres. NY Society of Acupuncture for Physicians & Dentists, St Luke’s Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Pontinen, P. J., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres. Nordic Med. Acupuncture Soc. and Assoc. Prof. of Anesthesiology, Univ. of Kuopio, Finland
Procacci, Paolo, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. Univ. degli Studi di Firenze, Cattedra de Terapia Medica Sistematica, Viale G.B. Firenze, Italy
Qiao, Haifa, M.D., Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine College of Acupuncture, China
Rabischong, Pierre, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Chairman of Dept. of Anatomy and Dean of the Faculty of Med., Univ. of Montpellier, Dir. of Biomechanics, Res. Unit of INSERM at Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Redfearn, Edward, B.A., M.B.B., Chir. (Camb) DRCOG, F.I.C.A.E, Ex-Chairman, British Med. Acupuncture Soc., Birmingham, England
Samosyuk, Ivan A., M.D., Sc.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof., Dept. of Neuropathology & Reflexotherapy, Kiev State Inst. for Post Graduate Studies of Physicians, Doragozhitskaya St. Kiev, Ukraine
Schnorrenberger, Claus C., M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Past Pres. of German Physicians Acupuncture Assoc., Frieburg, Germany
Shibutani, Kinichi, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. Anesthesiology & Dir. of Pain Clinic, Westchester County Med. Ctr., New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
Skokijev, Antonije, M.D., Sc.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres. of the Yugoslavian Med. Acupuncture Society and Prof. and Dir of Clinic for Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Military Med. Academy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Soulairac, Andre, M.D., Sc.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. and Chairman, Dept. of Psycho-Physiology, Faculty of Sci., Univ. of Paris VI, Paris, France
Spiegel, Edward, D.D.S., F.I.C.A.E., Former Chairman, CME Courses of American Academy of Head, Neck and Facial Pain, Erie, PA
Studer, Elizabeth, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Pres. Med. Acupuncture Soc. of Switzerland, Lugond, Switzerland
Takeshige, Chifuyu, M.D., Ph.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof. Emeritus and former Dean of Physiology Dept., School of Med., Showa Univ., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Tobler, Paul, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Dozent for General Med., Univ. of Zurich & Univ. of Bern Zurich, Switzerland
Travell, Janet, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Emeritus Clinical Prof. of Med., George Washington Univ., Washington, DC, USA
Trachtenberg, Alan I., M.D., M.P.H., Medical Officer, N.I.H. on Drug Abuse, 6120 Executive Blvd., Suite 450, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
Tsuchiya, Mitsuharu, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., President of the Federation of Portugese Acupuncture & Moxibusion Av. Colegio Militar, 20 A-r/c. DT-Loja-1500 Lisboa, Portugal
Xuetai, Wang, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof./Vice Dir., Expert Comm. of China, Academy of Traditional Chinese Med., Former President of China Acupuncture & Moxibustion Society, Bejing, China
Yamamura, Hideo, M.D,. H.D., F.I.C.A.E., Prof Emeritus, former Chairman, Dept. of Anesthesiology; former Dean, School of Med. Tokyo Univ.; Pres., All Japan Acupuncture Society Tokyo, Japan

CO-FOUNDER

Alfred L. Copley, M.D., Dr. Med.h.c. (Heidelberg Univ.) F.I.C.A.E. (deceased)

CORRESPONDING EDITORS

Beckman, Sandra, M.A. (Speech Pathology), M.A. (Educational Computer Science), Campus Coordinator for Distance Learning in Communicative Disorders, Dept. of Human Services, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA; Former Adjunct Assistant Prof., Dept. of Communication Disorders & Sciences, Adelphi University, Manhattan Center
Camp, Virginia, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Wycombe General Hosp., High Wycombe Bucks, England
Glennie-Smith, Keith, M.B., B.S., F.F.A.R.C.S., F.I.C.A.E., Consultant Anesthesist, Dept. of Anesthesiology, Poole General Hosp., Dorset, England
Grant, Alan, M.B., F.I.C.A.E., c/o Prof. Andre Soulairac, Dept. of Psychophysiology, Faculty of Science, Univ. of Paris VI, France
Jungck, Dietrich, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Vice-Pres., Schmerz-Theraputisches Kolloquium, Clinic for Pain Treatement, 2000 Hamburg I, Germany
Merrick, Pipsisewa, M.Sc., Ph.D., Dept. of Biology, Univ. of North Carolina, NC, USA
Nakajima, Hiroaki, M.D., Ph.D., Dir. of Pulmonary Div. & Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Med., School of Med., Showa Univ., Tokyo, Japan
Nihrane, Abdallah, Ph.D., F.IC.A.E. Visiting Associate Prof. Integrative Medicine, ICAET, Adjunct Associate Prof., Microbiology, New York City College of Technology, CUNY, New York, Former Assistant Prof., Dept. of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Former Visiting Scientist, NIH, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
Omura, Alexander K., M.D., Dir., Dept. of Anesthesiology, Benefis Hosp., 4631 Fox Farm Road, Great Falls, MT, USA
Shimotsuura, Tasuhiro, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Exec. Secretary, Japan Bi-Digital O-Ring Test Assoc., Dir., Dept. of Med., St. Maria Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
Sola, Anders, M.D., F.I.C.A.E., Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Anesthesiology, School of Med., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (former Pain Specialist, U.S. Air Force)

Submission Requirements

Authors are requested to submit the original manuscript (and revised manuscript if needed) electronically via email to inquiries@cognizantcommunication.com. The manuscript, including text, figures, tables and figure legends, should be prepared in Microsoft Word format.

Please view this sample of an article published in Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research, Volume 45, #1, pp. 3-14 before sending in your submission: https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/cog/aetr/2020/00000045/00000001/art00002

The paper should have the following sections:

1. Title of Article

2. Names of authors with academic degrees followed by institutional affiliation

3. Contact information of person to contact (name, academic degree, address, telephone #, fax #, and email)

4. Tentative date of manuscript received by editor’s office and tentative date of acceptance in parentheses

5. Abstract (preferably less than 250 words)

6. Keywords (6 pertinent keywords)

7. Introduction

8. Materials & Methods

9. Results

10. Discussion

11. Conclusion

12. Acknowledgment

13. References

Every paper must have this basic format. Any paper without experimental or clinical research setup shown by good schematic diagrams or actual photographs with captions that are easy to understand and that provide information about how the research was carried out will not be accepted. Materials & Methods should have enough information to reproduce the research by other scientists. For these materials and methods, if electrical or electromagnetic field stimulation is used, they should provide electrical parameters as well as electromagnetic field parameters and wave forms of the stimulating electrical pulses or electromagnetic field pulses.

After suggested revisions for improvement, once the paper is going to be officially accepted for publication, please adhere to the guidelines below:

Submission Requirements: Authors are requested to submit the original manuscript (and revised manuscript if needed) electronically via email to  inquiries@cognizantcommunication.com  The manuscript, including text, figures, tables and figure legends, should be prepared in Microsoft Word format.

Include a cover letter, and insert “Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research Submission” in the subject line of the email. The cover letter should contain the name, address, telephone #, fax # and email address of the author responsible for correspondence. Follow the General Manuscript Form guidelines below to prepare the manuscript, figures, and tables.

When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the author(s) will be required to provide 2 hard copies of the final manuscript and a high-resolution PDF file. Manuscripts are accepted for consideration with the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere except in abstract form and are not concurrently under review elsewhere. Material accepted for publication will not be released publicly prior to its appearance in the journal.

General Manuscript Form: Papers should be typed in English with at least 3-cm (1 1/8 in.) margins on paper approximately 22 × 28 cm (8 1/2 × 11 in.) in size. Please consult the most recent issue of the journal for style and format. Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page. Use metric units of measure; other units may be given in parentheses. Typically, only three levels of headings are recognized. The paper should be organized as follows:

Title Page: First, before the title of the article, leave a 2-inch margin from the top of the page (for publisher reference information). The title should be brief and specific. The title page should contain in the following order: title (centered in bold, size 14, font Times New Roman), a space, the name(s), academic degree(s) (in bold) and affiliation(s) of author(s) including city, state, postal code, and country should appear (not in bold, centered in size 12 font Times New Roman). Following this, each co-author should be listed in the same way with a space between each author. Also indicate the author to whom correspondence should be addressed, with complete mailing address, telephone #,
fax # and e-mail address. Please include “Date Received” (approximate date the manuscript is to arrive at the editorial office) & “Date Accepted” (approximately 3 months after the date received) in parentheses. These dates will be tentative and subject to change. Leave an empty space before the abstract.

Abstract: The subtitle “ABSTRACT:” should be bold and written starting in the left margin. An abstract of 300 words or less should follow below (as a separate line) and be lined up with the colon from “ABSTRACT:”. It should contain a concise summary of the methods, results, conclusions, and other significant points. Any unfamiliar abbreviated word should not be used without giving corresponding original word in parenthesis.

Key Words: For the purpose of proper covering of indexing periodicals, provide 6-8 key words immediately following the abstract, with a space in between, and margins lined up with the text of the abstract. Use a semi-colon in between the key words and the first letter of each key word should be capitalized.

Text: Arrange the text with main headings of Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, list of Conclusions, Acknowledgments (and source of funding), References, Tables, and Figures. Pages should always reach full margins. Place figures/tables as close to the text reference as possible, however they can be moved to the next page in order to avoid a page being too short. Use generic names of drugs. Give name, City, State, and Country of the manufacturer of any chemicals, equipment or software mentioned in the text. Define all nonstandard abbreviations the first time they appear in the text.

References/Reference List: Within the text references should be cited with sequential numbers in parentheses. The reference list should be numbered sequentially by order of appearance in the text. Follow the style samples given below. Journal citations in the reference list should contain the following: (a) surnames and initials of all authors (surnames precede initials); (b) title of article; (c) journal title should not be abbreviated; (d) volume, inclusive pages and year. Journal’s name and Book’s title should be underlined.

Journal Article:

1. Omura, Y., Pathophysiology of acupuncture treatment: Effects of Acupuncture on Cardiovascular and Nervous systems. Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research,
The International Journal. Vol 1, pp. 55-141, 1975.

Book:

1. Sambrook, J.; Fritsch, E. F.; Maniatis, T. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual,
2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989.

Chapter in Edited Book:

1. Den Otter, E.; Dullens Hub, F. J.; Van Govern, H.; Pels, E. Antitumor effects of macrophages injected into animals: A review. In: MacBride, J. K.; Stuart, A., eds.
The macrophage and cancer. Edinburgh: Econoprint; 1987:119–141.

Tables: Tables should be numbered and cited sequentially in the text. Avoid very wide or long tables that would not fit a printed page. Each table should have a title, and each column in the table should have a brief heading. Define all abbreviations in the table footnote at the bottom of the table. (Text within tables and figures should be font size 12; font size smaller than 11 will not be accepted.)

Figures: Figures should be numbered and cited sequentially in the text. Use figures/photos which are high-quality. Avoid light lettering and shading that will not reproduce well. Complex formulas should be prepared as illustrations. Care must be taken that letters and other symbols do not become so small that they are illegible when the figure is reduced (by 25%). All figures/photos will be printed in black & white unless otherwise noted by author. The author is required to bear the costs for the publication of color figures. An “Author Option” form will be provided upon acceptance for open access, color figures and offprint options. If no color will be used for the final print of the publication, there will be no cost to the author; as long as the figures are in black & white, the publisher will not charge any fees even if there are many figures (more than 10). However, please make sure that if there are more than 2 curves in a figure, you are able to differentiate between the 2 without color.

Figure Legends: The figure legend should be as clear as possible and should fully describe the contents of the figure. If the figure is from a previously published article, indicate that permission has been obtained from the original publisher.  Center figure legend under figures.

Permissions: If data from any other source is used in tables or figures it is the responsibility of the author(s) to obtain permission to reproduce such material. Provide proof that permission has been granted from the original publisher and indicate the source.

Final Accepted Manuscript/Disk: The final manuscript file must be submitted to the Editorial office a high-resolution pdf file along with two hard copies. Ensure that the hard copy and electronic file match exactly.

Copyright: Publications are copyrighted for the protection of the authors and the publisher. A Transfer of Copyright Agreement will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted for publication. This form must be completed and returned to the Editor before the article can be published. Although every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisments herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, editors, and their respective employees, officers, and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.All authors are encouraged to subscribe to our journal (for 2 years, including the year the author’s article will appear). For authors & co-authors, the subscription is a special reduced price of $150 for a 2-year subscription.

Acupuncture & Electro-therapeutics Research (ACUP) Peer Review Policy

To maintain high peer reviewing standards, ACUPUNCTURE & ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS RESEARCH (ACUP) uses an open review process, whereby the identity of the reviewers is known to the authors and authors identities are known to the reviewers. Peer review is defined as the evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field to ensure the publication of high-quality scientific research.

The ACUP peer review process is as follows:

An article is first examined by the Editor-in-Chief (EIC) and 2-3 Editorial Board members to ensure the submission meets the Aims of the journal and formatting, etc. is in order.

The EIC selects at least 3 reviewers based on key words, article content and peer review track record. to provide a detailed assessment of the paper. The reviewers are always experts in their field and may be members of the ACUP Editorial Board. Reviewers will have no history of conflict with the authors of the paper and are in good standing, based on their scholarly track record.

The comments from the reviewers will be received within 2-3 weeks. They are delivered to the EIC who draws upon these comments to assess the merit of the manuscript, along with their own assessment. Special attention is given to declarations of potential conflict of interest. Where applicable, the EIC will verify statements about appropriate approvals received in the case of research using human subjects. Likewise, claims about the use of appropriate statistical testing are ensured.

On receipt of relevant and sufficient reviewer comments, the EIC will reach a decision based on a close examination and a determination is then conveyed to the authors. The authors receive detailed comments along with the final decision: accept, accept with minor revision, accept with major revision, or rejection.

Prospective ACUP reviewers have the opportunity to read and evaluate current research in their area of expertise when it is at an early stage, thereby contributing to the integrity of scientific exploration. Anyone interested in becoming a reviewer for ACUP is invited to contact Yoshiaki Omura, M.D., Sc.D., F.A.C.A., F.I.C.A.E., F.A.A.I.M., F.R.S.M., D.A.B.F., A.B.F.M.
Mailing address: 800 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
Phone (212) 781-6262, Fax (212) 923-2279
icaet@yahoo.com

ETHICS STATEMENT

The publishers and editorial board of Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research have adopted the publication ethics and malpractice statements of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/core-practices. These guidelines highlight what is expected of authors and what they can expect from the reviewers and editorial board in return. They also provide details of how problems will be handled. Briefly:

Author Responsibilities: Authors listed on a manuscript must have made a significant contribution to the study and/or writing of the manuscript. During revisions, authors cannot be removed without their permission and that of the other authors. All authors must also agree to the addition of new authors.  It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that this occurs.

Financial support and conflicts of interest for all authors must be declared.  Further information on this can be obtained from the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors (http://www.icmje.org/).

The reported research must be novel and authentic and the authors should confirm that the same data has not been and is not going to be submitted to another journal (unless already rejected).  Statements made in the introduction and discussion should be supported by appropriate references and sufficient experimental detail should be provided to allow for repetition of the study by another group. Plagiarism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could result in retraction of an accepted article. Any text or figures reproduced for another source require the permission of the original copyright holders (normally the publishers).

Any manipulation of figures should be equally applied and described in the text including pseudo coloring and must not change the meaning of the figure.

When humans, animals or tissue derived from them have been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval must be included in the manuscript.

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Table of Contents:

Volume 46, Number 2

Evaluation of the Thermal Factor in the Vacuum Therapy – 101
https://doi.org/10.3727/036012921X16164310686725

Tadeusz Kasperczyk,* Robert Walaszek,† and Anna Marszałek‡

*Section of Aesthetic Cosmetology of the University of Physical Education in Kraków, Al. Jana Pawła II 78, 31-871 Kraków, Poland, tadeusz.kasperczyk@awf.krakow.pl, ORCID 0000-0002-6702-5152
†Department of Recreology and Biological Regeneration of the University School of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Al. Jana Pawła II 78, Poland, robertwalaszek63@gmail.com, ORCID 0000-0001-7639-2192.
‡Public Elementary School of Friends of Catholic Schools Association in Hucisko-Pewelka, Pawelka 63, 34-233 Hucisko, Poland, a.marsz@interia.pl, ORCID 0000-0003-0478-3711

Introduction: The aim of the work was to analyse changes in values of temperatures measured inside the cup and on the surface of the skin in the place where the cup was applied, using two slightly different variants of applying hot glass cups. Methods: The temperature was measured using two measuring instruments, the so- called multimeters, which were connected by wires with two K-type probes (thermocouples). One of them measured the temperature of the skin covered by the cup, and the other – the temperature inside the cup. Results: In variant I at the beginning of the test the temperature of the interior of the cup was 48.4°C, and of the skin inside the cup was 40.3°C. The difference between the temperature inside the cup and the temperature of the skin was therefore 8.1°C, i.e. 16.7%. In variant II, the temperature of the inside of the cup and of the surface of the skin were similar and amounted to 42.2°C and 43.9°C respectively. It means that right after applying the cup, the body temperature in the place of its application increased by 7.3°C, i.e. by 19.8% in relation to the normal body temperature. Conclusions: The experiment that was carried out allows us to claim that the applied vacuum therapy affects the tissues by two factors: vacuum pressure and heat, and that is why the hot cup should be considered more effective in the therapy than the cold cup.

Key words: Cup; Vacuum therapy; Physiotherapy; Thermotherapy

Safety of Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects and the Relationship Between Shoulder Stiffness, Diagnosis Points, and Stimulation Points – 111
https://doi.org/10.3727/036012921X16164310686743

Tetsuharu Kamiya*, B.Sc, L.Ac.,* Takuya Suematsu,† Fumiya Omata,† Sachie Kasukabe,† Manami Suzuki,† Soichiro Kaneko, Ph.D, L.Ac.,* Shin Takayama**, Ph.D, CMD,* and Tadashi Ishii, Ph.D, CMD*

*Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Aoba, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
†Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575, Japan

Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA) has been used in clinical practice for pain symptoms worldwide. However, the safety of YNSA and the role of the diagnosis and stimulation points have never been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the safety of YNSA and the relationship between the diagnosis points, the stimulation points, and changes in shoulder stiffness. YNSA was performed at the shoulder point A, acupuncture at the non-shoulder point D, and no intervention as a control in 15 healthy participants three times with a washout period of 1 week. Adverse reactions (changes in blood pressure, changes in heart rate, or bleeding), objective evaluation of the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and muscle hardness (MH) scores at the shoulder, and subjective evaluation of shoulder stiffness with a visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded before, during, and 20 min after stimulation. In the safety evaluation, no adverse reactions such as hypotension, bradycardia, or bleeding/hematoma were observed. PPT and MH revealed no significant difference between the conditions. There was a significant difference in the VAS between all three conditions (p = 0.039). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between controls and D-point stimulation (p = 0.034), but no significant difference between A- and D-point stimulation. VAS subanalysis and post-hoc analysis in right-LI4-positive subjects (n = 4) showed a significant difference in VAS between A-point stimulation and controls (p = 0.01, 0.015, respectively). Our pilot investigation exhibited the safety of YNSA. Diagnosis and stimulation points may relate to changes in shoulder stiffness; however, further comparative studies with YNSA are required.

Key words: Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture (YNSA); Safety; Shoulder stiffness; Stimulation point; Diagnosis point; Pilot study

Role of Electro Acupuncture Therapy on Temporomandibular Joint Pain With Orofacial Myalgia Following Post Healed Unilateral Cervicofacial Burn – 123
https://doi.org/10.3727/036012921X16164310686789

Gopal Nambi PhD,* Walid Kamal Abdelbasset PhD,* Shereen H. Elsayed PhD,†‡ Anju Verma MSc,* Shimaa Abd El-Hamid Abase PhD,§ Dipika Inbasekaran MDS,¶ and Mohamed A Abdelaziz MD#**

*Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
†Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
‡Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
§Department of Physical Therapy for Burn & General Surgery Cases, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
¶Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
# Department of Basic Medical Science, Collage of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
**Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Background: Temporomandibular Joint (TJ) pain and orofacial myalgia (OM) are the most significant problems in physiotherapy context to treat in Cervicofacial burn (CB). However, there is a lack of clinical studies in investigating the effects of electro acupuncture therapy on TJ pain with OM following post healed CB patients. Objective: To investigate the effects of clinical and functional efficacy of electro acupuncture therapy on temporomandibular joint pain with orofacial myalgia following post healed cervicofacial burn patients. Methods: Through two block random sampling method, the eligible participants were randomized and allocated into active EAT (Active-EAT; n = 15) and placebo EAT (Placebo-EAT; n = 15) groups. The Active-ET group received electro acupuncture therapy and the Placebo-EAT group received placebo effect with regular physiotherapy care for 4 times in a week for 4 weeks. Primary (pain intensity, pain threshold, pain frequency) and secondary (mouth opening, disability level and quality of life) measures were measured at baseline, after the 4th week, 8th week and 6 month follow up. Results: Baseline demographic and clinical attributes show homogenous presentation among the study groups (p > 0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, and at the end of 6 months follow up, the pain intensity, 3.0 (CI 95% 2.83 to 3.16), pain threshold 18.6 (CI 95% -35.0 to -2.1), pain frequency 2.9 (CI 95% 2.54 to 3.25), mouth opening, -13.4 (CI 95% -15.1 to -11.6), disability level 12.4 (CI 95% 12.16 to 12.63), and quality of life -25.8 (CI 95% -31.0 to -20.5) showed more improvement (p < 0.001) in Active-EAT group than Placebo-EAT group. Conclusion: The reports of this study proved that, 4 weeks active electro acupuncture therapy with regular physiotherapy care has an ideal treatment protocol for temporomandibular joint pain with orofacial myalgia following post healed cervicofacial burn. This study also provided a new knowledge for physiotherapists in the field of TJ rehabilitation.

Key words: Cervicofacial burn; Temporomandibular joint; Orofacial myalgia; Pain intensity; Mouth opening; Functional disability; Quality of life

Effects of Acupuncture in Prevention and Treatment of Diseases by Regulating Chemokines – 135
https://doi.org/10.3727/036012921X16164310686806

Tian-tian Zhao, MM, Fang-fang Mou, MD, Han Li, MM, Shui-jin Shao, MD, and Hai-dong Guo, MD

Dept. of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China

Chemokines are involved in multiple pathological processes mainly associated with inflammatory responses by stimulating cell migration. The article reviews changes in the expression of several important chemokines after acupuncture treatment in the last five years, elucidates the mechanism of action of acupuncture in the treatment of various diseases from the perspective of chemokines, and provides reference for promoting the application of acupuncture and enhancing its treatment efficacy.

Key words: Chemokines; Acupuncture; Electroacupuncture; Inflammatory response

Single Acupuncture Treatment Can Reduce the Level of Uric Acid and Alleviating Pain in Gouty Arthritis, a Meta-Analysis – 147
https://doi.org/10.3727/036012921X16164310686815

Pei Liu, M.S.,  Li Deng, Ph.D., Yiwen Lv, M.S., Huachong Xu, Ph.D., Huan Zhao, Ph.D., and Xiaoyin Chen, Ph.D.

School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University. Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510632, China

Objective: The effectiveness and safety of single acupuncture on gouty arthritis were systematically evaluated by comparing the effectiveness of Western medicine and single acupuncture on gouty arthritis. Methods: Two reviewers collected and screened the literature, and extracted relevant information, including: course of disease, random method, intervention measures, course of treatment, detection indicators, adverse reactions, etc. Quality assessment, meta-analysis, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed. The main outcomes included total effective rate and serum uric acid, while secondary outcomes included pain integral, adverse events and follow-up shedding etc. Results: 26 RCTs were screened out, with a total of 2048 participants. The results show that the total effective rate of single acupuncture treatment of gouty arthritis is higher than that of the Western medicine group [OR = 4.33, 95% CI (3.22, 5.82)], and it had a certain clinical advantage in reducing the level of uric acid [MD = −68.39, 95% CI (−97. 47, −39.31)], the analgesic effect is equivalent to that of Western medicine. There were no adverse reactions were reported in the single acupuncture treatment group. Conclusion: The results show that single acupuncture is more effective and safer than Western medicine in the treatment of gouty arthritis. However, due to the low quality of the included literature, these results should be interpreted with caution; more scientific clinical RCTs are needed to verify the effect of single acupuncture on gouty arthritis.

Key words: Acupuncture; Gout; Gouty arthritis; Meta-analysis

Effective and Safety Analysis of Electroacupuncture Treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients – 159
https://doi.org/10.3727/036012921X16164310686833

Shensen Li, Ph.D.,* Qingqing Liu, M.D.,* Shen Zhang, M.D.,† Meiling Zhu, M.D.,† Yun Hu, Ph.D.,‡ Xiaoci Cao, M.D.,‡ and Wenwen Li, M.D.*

*Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
†Nursing Department of Blood Purification Center, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
‡Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common complication in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Current study was conducted to analysis the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture on 3 acupuncture points from lower limb meridians in the treatment of RLS. METHODS: A total of 7 MHD patients (5 Male and 2 Female) in our center with severe RLS symptom were enrolled. After one month of pharmacological washout period, patients received 12 sessions of electroacupuncture on three acupoints (Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6) and Taichong (LR-3)) during HD. Severity of RLS symptoms and the sleep quality were evaluated by IRLSSG and ISI scores for 3 times (before, after and 1 month later of the electroacupuncture treatment). RESULTS: The average age of enrolled patients was 52.6±8.9 years, with median dialysis duration of 3.0 years. The hemoglobin level was 125.9±22.9 g/l. The IRLSSG score was significantly lower after electroacupuncture treatment (9.4±3.9) than that before treatment (17.3±4.7) (P<0.01). Both overall severity of RLS symptom average daily severity and frequency were significantly improved after electroacupuncture. It is also validated that the electroacupuncture treatment was contributed to sleep improvement in RLS patients after electroacupuncture treatment was discontinued for one month. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture on three lower limbs acupoints during MHD was as a safe and effective treatment for attenuating the symptoms of RLS and improvement of sleep quality in hemodialysis patients, and the therapeutic effect maintain for at least one month.

Key words: Electroacupuncture; Restless legs syndrome; Hemodialysis; Insomnia; Effective

New Patents & Published Patent Applications from the U.S. and Over 30 Other Countries – 171

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