Tourism Analysis : An Interdisciplinary Tourism & Hospitality Journal
Editors: Professor Fang Meng and Professor Bing Pan
Volume 28, 2023
ISSN: 1083-5423; E-ISSN: 1943-3999
Softbound
4 numbers per volume
CiteScore 2021: 2.7
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October 2022
Table of Contents: 2,734
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Full Text Downloads: 385
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Aims & Scope
The aim of Tourism Analysis is to promote a forum for practitioners and academicians in the fields of Leisure, Recreation, Tourism, and Hospitality (LRTH). As a interdisciplinary journal, it is an appropriate outlet for articles, research notes, and computer software packages designed to be of interest, concern, and of applied value to its audience of professionals, scholars, and students of LRTH programs the world over. The scope of the articles will include behavioral models (quantitative-qualitative), decision-making techniques and procedures, estimation models, demand-supply analysis, monitoring systems, expert systems and performance evaluation, assessment of site and destination attractiveness, new analytical tools, research methods and related areas such as validity and reliability, scale development, development of data collection instruments, methodological issues in cross-national and cross-cultural studies, and computer technology and use.
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Fang Meng
Professor, School of Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management
College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport Management
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Bing Pan
Professor, Department of Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management
School of Health and Human Development
Penn State University
University Park, PA 16802, USA
REGIONAL ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Faruk Bali, Massey University. New Zealand
Neelu Seetaram, Leeds Beckett University, UK
Dan Wang, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
EDITORIAL BOARD
Kathleen L. Andereck, Arizona State University, USA
Albert Assaf, University of Massachusetts, USA
Guy Assaker, University of Algarve, Portugal
Marcjanna Augustyn, Bournemouth University, UK
Ilenia Bregoli, University of Brescia, Italy
Juan Antonio Campos-Soria, University of Malaga, Spain
Mingming Cheng, Curtin University, Australia
Hwan-Suk Chris Choi, University of Guelph, Canada
Germa Coenders, University of Girona, Spain
Nuno Crespo, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Jonathon Day, Purdue University, USA
Giacomo Del Chiappa, University of Sassari, Italy
Jinyang Deng, West Virginia University, USA
Tarik Dogru, Florida State University, USA
Yuksel Ekinci, University of Portsmouth, UK
Rachel J. C. Fu, University of Florida, USA
Ulrich Gunter, MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Rob Hallak, University of South Australia, Australia
Tazim Jamal, Texas A&M University, USA
Stefan Kruger, North-West University, South Africa
Seoki Lee, Penn State University, USA
SoJung Lee, Iowa State University, USA
Hengyun (Neil) Li, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong
Jun (Justin) Li, South China Normal University, China
Xiangping Li, Macao Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao
Michael Lin, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong
Stephen Litvin, College of Charleston, USA
David Ma, Zhejiang University, China
Jintao (Emily) Ma, University of Surrey, UK
Vincent Magnini, Longwood University, USA
Xavier Matteucci, MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Lynn Minnaert, New York University, USA
Ana María Munar, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark
Jaume Rosselló Nadal, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain
Harmen Oppewal, Monash University, Australia
Ahmet Bulent Ozturk, University of Central Florida, USA
Soyoung Park, Florida Atlantic University, USA
Steven Pike, Queensland University of Technology Australia
Yaniv Poria, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Haywantee Rumi Ramkissoon, University of Derby, UK
Tareq Rasul, Australia Institute of Business, Australia
Wiston Adrián Risso, University of the Republic, Uruguay
Edwin Sabuhoro, Penn State University, USA
Shrabani Saha, University of Lincoln, UK
José António C. Santos, University of Algarve, Portugal
Zvi Schwartz, University of Delaware, USA
Courtney Suess-Raeisinafchi, Texas A&M University, USA
Vincent Wing Sun Tung, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Shai-Ki Wan, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
Kyle M. Woosnam, University of Georgia, USA
Hung Che Wu, Sun Yat-Sen University, China
Feifei Xu, Southeast University, China
Fiona Yang, University of Macau, China
Yang Yang, Temple University, USA
Pei Zhang, University of Kentucky, USA
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Seyhmus Baloglu, University of Nevada, USA
John C. Crotts, College of Charleston, USA
Geoffrey I. Crouch (former co-editor), La Trobe University, Australia
Larry Dwyer, Griffith University, Australia
Daniel Fesenmaier (co-founding editor), University of Florida, USA
Josef Mazanec, MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Ercan Sirakaya-Türk, University of South Carolina, USA
Stephen L. J. Smith, University of Waterloo, Canada
Harry Timmermans, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
Muzaffer Uysal (co-founding editor), University of Massachusetts, USA
Tourism Analysis uses CrossRef Similarity Check and is sustained by Portico Preservation Services.
Manuscript submission: Authors should submit Word document manuscript and figure/table files via this link:
Full article example:
Gladiis ET Clypeis: Travel Motives Towards an Improvement of Quality of Life When Visiting a Military Expo.
Authors: Venter, Dewald; Kruger, Stefan; Uysal, Muzzo
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16187814403065
Research note example:
Game of Thrones and Tourism Impacts on Croatian Housing Prices.
Author: Brotman, Bille Ann
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16140381653042
Follow the guidelines below to prepare the manuscript, figures and tables.
General manuscript preparation: Two files are to be submitted. The first file is the title page. This is the only file that contains author and affiliation information. All other file(s) should not contain any information that might reveal the identity of the authors. The second file is the main document (the body of the manuscript), including the article title, abstract, keywords, text body, and references. Tables and figures can be included in this file on separate pages at the end of the manuscript (NOT embedded in the manuscript), or they can be submitted as a separate file.
Maximum word count for full-length manuscripts, including references, is approximately 7,700 words. Short manuscripts (Research Notes) should not exceed approximately 2,500 words.
All content in the main document should be double spaced except tables and figures. Use Times New Roman font, 12 point size (except in tables and figures). Use one-inch margins on all sides of the page, left justified, with a ragged right-hand margin (no full justification). Indent ALL paragraphs to start at 5 spaces, including the first paragraph below headings or subheadings. There should be no footnotes at the bottom of pages and no endnotes at the end of the manuscript. All material must be included in the text. Round numbers (e.g., correlations, significance level, standard deviations, etc.) to two decimal places in the text, tables, and figure legends. Use a period (American system) not a comma when reporting decimals.
American English spelling should be used in all content except in quoted material and references that use British spelling originally. References in other languages should provide an English translation shown in brackets.
A statement identifying the gap in the literature and your manuscript’s theoretical contribution should be included, preferably within the first few paragraphs of the text (or at least in the first two pages). The manuscript needs to make an original contribution to the theory and practice of Tourism Management and Policy.
Tourism Analysis is an English language journal. Authors not fluent in English are expected to have their manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English before submitting.
Title page: This should contain the title, all author names, and corresponding affiliation(s) for each author, which includes Department, Institution, City (State), and Country. The corresponding author must be clearly designated and a complete mailing address and email address for the corresponding author must be included (phone and fax numbers are optional). The article title should be short, impressive, and attractive. A short title (for the running head) of approximately 40 characters or less should also be included. Provide any acknowledgment(s) on the title page.
ORCID iD: Authors may include their ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) number if they wish and a link and the iD number will be included in the final article.
Abstract and key words: Provide an abstract of 150 to 200 words. It should contain an abbreviated representation of the content of the manuscript. Major results, conclusions, and/or recommendations should be given, followed by supporting details of method, scope, or purpose as appropriate. Supply 3 to 5 keywords suitable for indexing. Do not include reference citations in the abstract.
Text: Clearly indicate all main and subheadings. The main body text (except for Reviews) should be structured using the following headings: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions. Follow the APA Publication Manual (6th edition) guidelines for citing references in the text (see below) and for the reference list. All figures and tables must be cited in the text in the order in which they appear (do not incorporate figures and tables within the body of the text). The location of the tables and figures should be indicated by an insert tag: Insert Table 1 about here. The file (main document without any author information) should be arranged as: title, abstract and key words, main body text, reference list, figure legends, tables and figures. Figures and tables can also be provided as separate files (see below).
The Introduction section should include the specified research gap(s) in the literature, the study’s exact research objectives, the importance/significance of the study, originality, and theoretical contributions (preferably within the first few paragraphs or first two pages). The paper should make original, value-added contributions to the theory and practice of tourism management and policy.
The Literature Review section should include both seminal and updated literature. Previous literature should not only be summarized but also critically synthesized, and research gaps should be discussed clearly. The hypotheses should be proposed in a logically way out of the literature.
The Methodology section should include detailed information regarding the research design and approach, survey instruments or interview protocol, data collection procedures, and outcome.
The Results section should include detailed report of the analyses and findings. Narratives and tables/figures should complement each other.
The Conclusion section should include the following subsections: a conclusive summary of the research findings and how the findings, theoretical contributions, managerial/practical implications, limitations, and future research.
References: The reference list should be arranged in alphabetical order. Follow APA Publication Manual (7th edition) for text and reference list citations, per the examples below. Consult the 7th edition for additional examples for reference list entries. [Note: always provide citation page number(s) in the text for quoted material from a printed source.] Include in the reference list only those cited in the text and ensure that all text citations have an entry in the reference list.
Text citations: (Gladney, 2004) or (Boes et al., 2015; Clabaugh, 2018; McKercher et al., 2015) or (Crompton, 1979, p. 411) (for quoted material). Note that names are to be alphabetical within the parenthetical, NOT by date order.
Journal article: McKercher, B., Shoval, N., Park, E., & Kahani, A. (2015). The [limited] impact of weather on tourist behavior in an urban destination. Journal of Travel Research, 54(4), 442–455.
Book: Gladney, D. C. (2004). Dislocating China: Muslims, minorities, and other subaltern subjects. University of Chicago Press.
Book chapter in edited book: Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2015). Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 391–403). Springer.
Internet source: Clabaugh, J. (2018). Another record year for DC tourism: 22.8 million visitors. https://wtop.com/business-finance/2018/08/another-record-year-for-dc-tourism-22-8m-visitors/
Please note that citations such as “personal communication” should be cited parenthetically in the text only. Do not include in the reference list.
Inclusive and Bias-Free Language: Authors should ensure that their manuscript is free from bias, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and does not indicate cultural dominance or make cultural assumptions. Use appropriate and unbiased language descriptors regarding age, disability, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and other personal factors. Consult Chapter 5 of the 7th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for bias-free language guidelines.
Use of Copyright Material: Authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication. The written permission should be provided when the manuscript is accepted for publication.
Figures: All figures should be provided in .doc, .jpg, .tif, or .pdf format, at high resolution. Do not incorporate figures within the text of the manuscript. Figures should be prepared without color unless the figure is to be printed in color. [Note there is a charge for printing figures in color (see Author Options below)]. Avoid light shading that will not reproduce well. Labeling and figure detail should be large enough to be legible after reduction to fit page parameters. Include a figure legend for each figure at the end of the manuscript file. Do not incorporate figure legends or figure number as part of the figure itself.
Tables: Table material should not duplicate the text. Include tables in a separate file. Include a title for each table. Avoid overly wide or long tables that would not fit printed page parameters. Place tables on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. Cite each table in the text. Do not embed tables within the text of the manuscript.
Copyright: Publications are copyrighted for the protection of authors and the publisher. A Transfer of Copyright Agreement will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript files(s).
Online Fast Track Publication: Accepted manuscripts will be loaded to Fast Track with DOI links online. Fast Track is an early e-pub system whereby subscribers to the journal can start reading and citing the articles prior to their inclusion in a journal issue. Please note that articles published in Fast Track are not the final print publication with proofs. Once the accepted manuscript is ready to publish in an issue of the journal, the corresponding author will receive a proof from our Production Department for approval. Once approved and published, the Fast Track version of the manuscript is deleted and replaced with the final published article. Online Fast Track publication ensures that the accepted manuscripts can be read and cited as quickly as possible.
Page Proofs: Page proofs will be sent electronically to the designated corresponding author prior to publication. Minor changes only are allowed at this stage. The designated corresponding author will receive one free copy of the issue in which the article is published and a free pdf file of the final press article will be sent by email.
Published Articles: The final article will be provided to authors with no charge for publication.
Author Options: Articles appearing in Tourism Analysis are available to be open access and also contain color figures (neither is a condition for publication). Authors will be provided with an Author Option Form, which indicates the following options.
A voluntary submission fee of $125.00 includes one free page of color and a 50% discount on additional color pages (color is discounted to $100.00 per color page).
Open access is available for a fee of $200.00 for up to 15 pages and $50.00 for each additional page. Color would be discounted to $100.00 per color page.
If you choose to have your article be open access, an Open Access form will be sent with the amount due based on the number of pages at proof stage. The Open Access form will need to be completed and returned with payment information and any corrections to the proof prior to publication.
The use of color in articles is an important feature. Your article may contain figures that should be printed in color. There is a charge for figures appearing in color. Cost for color figure in an article $200.00 (if not paying Voluntary Submission Fee or Open Access Fee). A payment form will be provided with your proof if you take advantage of this option, which will need to be completed and returned with any corrections to the proof prior to publication.
Author Option Form: The Author Option form will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript file(s) even if the answer is “No” to the options. This form serves as confirmation of your choice for the options.
Disclaimer: Although every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, editors, and their respective employees, officers, and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.
Tourism Analysis Special Issue – Tourism’s Great Correction: Searching for Sustainability Post-Pandemic
SPECIAL ISSUE ON TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY POST-PANDEMIC
Guest Editors:
Dr. HS Chris Choi and Dr. Statia Elliot, School of Hospitality, Food and Tourism Management, University of Guelph, Canada
AIM AND SCOPE OF SPECIAL ISSUE:
The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruption not only to travel and tourism operations, but to the sector’s pre-pandemic drive to improve economic and environmental sustainability. Much research in the 2020-2022 pandemic period has focused on the COVID-19 impact to the tourism economy and travel behaviour, with some threads emerging to guide sector recovery post-pandemic (Walters & McKercher, 2021; Gursoy & Chi, 2020). Early indications are that returning to full operations, while a goal for many businesses, is challenged by current realities of limited financial and human resources. Hotels and restaurants, for example, are faced with staff shortages and investment disparities, limiting their capacity to return to pre-pandemic levels of operation, and forcing a re-prioritization of traditional business approaches. Could this be the beginnings of a great correction in travel and tourism? The nexus of market realities upward pressure on price and downward pressure on capacity has potential to reduce travel’s environmental footprint and shift tourism toward more sustainable operating models.
This special issue invites contributions that provide new insights and future-focused analysis and understanding of tourism sustainability post-pandemic both from a theoretical and an applied perspective.
The key themes for the proposed special edition of the journal include (but are not limited to):
- Management and/or marketing implications for sustainable tourism post-pandemic.
- The role of responsible travel, resiliency, community engagement, capacity management, digital efficiencies, etc. post-pandemic.
- Tourist experiences and behaviour at destinations post-pandemic.
- Profiling of the tourist for a post-pandemic travel context.
- Insights for more sustainable tourism policy and practise.
- Theoretical contributions for future-focused sustainable tourism research.
SUBMISSION GUIDELINES:
Abstracts of no more than 300 words should be submitted by email to Dr HW Choi by October 31, 2022.
Authors will receive feedback on their abstracts by November 30, 2022.
Complete papers incorporating the guest editors’ feedback must be submitted via email by April 30, 2023.
Normally three double-blind reviews of papers will be obtained. The special issue of the journal is anticipated to be published in 2024.
SUBMISSION:
Please send all abstract submissions via email, as Microsoft Word attachments to:
Alireza Zolfaghari, Editorial assistant
Faculty, School of Hospitality Food and Tourism Management
University of Guelph
azolfagh@uoguelph.ca
The completed full manuscript should be submitted to Tourism Analysis through the ScholarOne system. Please specify that you are submitting to the special issue in the submission process.
If you have an additional question regarding submission, please email Dr. HS Chris Choi.
Dr. HS Chris Choi
Faculty, School of Hospitality Food and Tourism Management
University of Guelph
hwchoi@uoguelph.ca
Ph: +1 519 824-4120 ext. 53370
References:
Journal article: McKercher, B., Shoval, N., Park, E., & Kahani, A. (2015). The [limited] impact of weather on tourist behavior in an urban destination. Journal of Travel Research, 54(4), 442–455.
Book: Gladney, D. C. (2004). Dislocating China: Muslims, minorities, and other subaltern subjects. University of Chicago Press.
Book chapter in edited book: Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2015). Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 391–403). Springer.
Internet source: Clabaugh, J. (2018). Another record year for DC tourism: 22.8 million visitors. https://wtop.com/business-finance/2018/08/another-record-year-for-dc-tourism-22-8m-visitors/
Tourism Analysis (TA) Peer Review Policy
Tourism Analysis (TA) employs a double blind review process.
Submitted manuscripts are reviewed by the editorial office for format, content requirements, and authors contact information. The editor-in-chief (EIC) then reviews the manuscript for its methodology, grammar, and language use and decides whether it deserves to move to the next level. If the manuscript is found to not meet minimum quality standards the EIC will desk-reject the manuscript.
If the manuscript is written following TA guidelines and meets minimum standards, the EIC invites four to five reviewers from a mixture of the review board members, past reviewers within the database, or new recruits depending upon the need of the expertise area. Typically, the reviewers are given four to nine weeks to review the manuscript and provide feedback.
The EIC needs at least two reports by the reviewers to make a preliminary judgement regarding the manuscript: accept, revise per review comments and resubmit, or reject. Manuscripts can go through several rounds of review based on needed revisions and report of the reviewers. The EIC can ask for additional work (e.g., language, cross-referencing of citations, adjustments to tables and figures) to be done before final acceptance.
If a manuscript is deemed to be a significant work but has not met the requirements to be published as a full article, the EIC can ask the authors to resubmit their work as a Research Note after revisions have been made per reviewer comments. The same reviewers may be recruited again to review the research note on a more lenient basis.
Invited manuscripts do not go through a rigorous peer review process but one or two reviewers are still recruited to help the submitting author make needed adjustments to enhance the manuscript.
As a reviewer for Tourism Analysis you can take advantage of the following incentive:
If you review three papers for one of the Cognizant journals (Tourism Review International, Tourism Analysis, Event Management, Tourism Culture and Communication, Tourism in Marine Environments, and Gastronomy and Tourism) within a one-year period, you will qualify for a free OPEN ACCESS article in one of the above journals.
If you are interested in becoming a reviewer for TA, please contact the Editor in Chief: Ercan Sirakaya-Türk, Professor, College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA – Email: ercan@hrsm.sc.edu
ETHICS STATEMENT
The publishers and editorial board of Tourism Analysis have adopted the publication ethics and malpractice statements of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/core-practices. These guidelines highlight what is expected of authors and what they can expect from the reviewers and editorial board in return. They also provide details of how problems will be handled. Briefly:
Tourism Analysis is governed by an international editorial board consisting of experts in Leisure, Recreation, Tourism, and Hospitality (LRTH), and related fields. Information regarding the editorial board members is listed on the inside front cover of the printed copy of the journal in addition to the homepage for the journal at: https://www.cognizantcommunication.com/journal-titles/tourism-analysis under the “Editorial Board” tab.
This editorial board conducts most of the manuscript reviews and plays a large role in setting the standards for research and publication in the field. The Editor-in-Chief receives and processes all manuscripts and from time to time will modify the editorial board to ensure a continuous improvement in quality.
The reviewers uphold a peer review process without favoritism or prejudice to gender, sexual orientation, religious/political beliefs, nationality, or geographical origin. Each submission is given equal consideration for acceptance based only on the manuscript’s importance, originality, academic integrity, and clarity and whether it is suitable for the journal in accordance with the Aims and Scope of the journal. They must not have a conflict of interest with the author(s) or work described. The anonymity of the reviewers must be maintained.
All manuscripts are sent out for blind review and the editor/editorial board will maintain the confidentiality of author(s) and their submitted research and supporting documentation, figures, and tables and all aspects pertaining to each submission.
Reviewers are expected to not possess any conflicts of interest with the authors. They should review the manuscript objectively and provide recommendations for improvements where necessary. Any unpublished information read by a reviewer should be treated as confidential.
Authors
Manuscripts must contain original material and must not have been published previously. Material accepted for publication may not be published elsewhere without the consent of the publisher. All rights and permissions must be obtained by the contributor(s) and should be sent upon acceptance of manuscripts for publication.
References, acknowledgments, figure legends, and tables must be properly cited and authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables, etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication.
Authors listed on a manuscript must have made a significant contribution to the study and/or writing of the manuscript. During revisions, authors cannot be removed without their permission and that of all other authors. All authors must also agree to the addition of new authors. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that this occurs.
Financial support and conflicts of interest for all authors must be declared.
The reported research must be novel and authentic and the author(s) should confirm that the same data has not been and is not going to be submitted to another journal (unless already rejected). Plagiarism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could result in retraction of an accepted article.
When humans, animals, or tissue derived from them have been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval must be included in the manuscript.
Publisher
The publishers agree to ensure, to the best of their abilities, that the information they publish is genuine and ethically sound. If publishing ethics issues come to light, not limited to accusations of fraudulent data or plagiarism, during or after the publication process, they will be investigated by the editorial board including contact with the authors’ institutions if necessary, so that a decision on the appropriate corrections, clarifications, or retractions can be made. The publishers agree to publish this as necessary so as to maintain the integrity of the academic record.
Access Current Articles (Volume 27, Number 3)
Table of Contents:
Volume 27, Number 3
Travelers’ Prior Knowledge and Search Advertising – 261
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16572285582868
Qiang (Steven) Lu,* Yupin Yang,† and Xiuhua (Stella) Huangfu‡
*Business School, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
†Beedie School of Business, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
‡School of Economics, Faculty of Arts & Social Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
This article develops a conceptual framework and hypotheses to provide a better understanding of how traveler search behavior affects the information that firms provide in search advertising. Through an analysis of search advertising in the hotel industry, we find that firms provide significantly more price information in their search advertising to travelers whose search keywords indicate that they have prior product knowledge. This finding suggests that firms engage in tradeoffs between price information and product information in search advertising to better match tourists’ preferences and needs. We also find that such tradeoffs depend on the advertiser type; travel agents are more likely than hoteliers to provide price information to price-conscious travelers. The implications of our results for search engine marketing (SEM) are also discussed.
Key words: Information search; Search advertising; Hospitality industry
Modeling Tourism Import: The Case of OECD Countries – 273
http://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16449628077711
Helena Nemec Rudež, Dejan Paliska, and Gorazd Sedmak
University of Primorska, Faculty of Tourism Studies, Portoroz, Slovenia
Research on outbound tourism demand has not kept pace with the rapid development of research on inbound tourism demand. Economic and non-economic factors of tourism import in countries of origin are investigated using static and dynamic panel data models. A period of 17 years and 35 OECD countries are included in the study. Income in the country of origin, the real effective exchange rate, trade openness, tourism export per tourist arrival, political stability of the country, persistence of habits, and two dummy variables are found to be statistically significant. Inelastic tourism demand factor coefficients show a relatively low level of sensibility of outbound travelers to the changes in their home country, whether related to economic or non-economic factors. Political stability proved to be the most important variable for tourism demand abroad. The unavailability of data on social and psychological demand-related factors turned out to be a problem for longer time series in OECD countries. However, the study provides an insight into how targeted policy measures could influence outbound tourism flows.
Key words: Tourism import; Outbound tourism factors; Modeling; Panel data; OECD countries
Cultivating a Sense of Belonging and Promoting Sports Fans’ Travel Intentions: Evidence From an Emerging Economy Market – 285
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16450234944191
Norman Peng,* Annie Chen,† Bradley R. Barnes,‡ and Stella Kladou§
*Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
†University of Roehampton, London, UK
‡The Heng Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
§Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
The aim of this study is to examine Chinese football fans’ sense of belonging to the virtual communities of their favorite European teams and their intention to visit Europe and watch a live match. Drawing on a survey of 488 Chinese football fans, the findings reveal that ideal self-congruence, brand identification, and the ability of virtual communities affect fans’ sense of belonging. Finally, sense of belonging influences fans’ travel intentions, and a positive attitude toward the destination and city strengthens the positive relationship between sense of belonging and the intention to travel.
Key words: Sports fans; Travel intentions; Sense of belonging; International travel; Virtual community
The Role of Hotel Customer–Employee Bond in Generating Positive Customer Behavioral Outcomes – 299
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16449628077694
Abdullah Uslu* and Meltem Caber†
*Manavgat Tourism Faculty, Tourism Management Department, Akdeniz University, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey
†Tourism Faculty, Tourist Guidance Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
In the hospitality sector, while close and high quality of relationships between the customers and employees may develop a long-lasting bilateral bond, the opposite may create customer loss. By following a customer-oriented approach, this study aims to examine the influence of the customer–employee bond on hotel customers’ satisfaction, perceived value, and behavioral intention. For achieving this purpose, a survey was conducted with the participation of British tourists staying in hotels located in Fethiye, Turkey. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that the customer–employee bond significantly and positively impacts all variables. In addition, customer satisfaction has a significant influence on behavioral intention, whereas perceived value affects customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. The findings of the study stress the importance of hotel employees in creating good and long-term relationships with the customers.
Key words: Customer–employee bond; Customer satisfaction; Perceived value; Behavioral intention; Hotels
OPEN ACCESS
Economic Policy Uncertainty and Tourism Demand of OECD Countries in Mexico – 317
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16557883993261
Jose Cesar Lenin Navarro-Chavez, Mario Gomez, and Rene Augusto Marin-Leyva
Economic and Business Research Institute, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Mexico
This article analyzes the effects of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on tourism demand from the top nine OECD countries in Mexico during 2010–2018. The research studies two groups of economies: developed and emerging economies. Using panel data, the results show evidence of transversal dependence in income, exchange rate, EPU, and tourism arrivals. These variables are integrated of order one. In addition, there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among these variables. The group of developed countries show evidence of a negative relationship between tourism demand and EPU, implying that a higher level of uncertainty leads to a decline in tourism demand. However, in emerging economies this relationship is positive. In addition, results suggest a positive relationship of both income and exchange rate to tourism demand, which implies that a higher level of income in the OECD countries and a depreciation of the Mexican exchange rate might generate greater tourism demand in Mexico. In terms of short- and long-term causality relationship, evidence indicates that exchange rate, income, and EPU contain important information that contribute to forecast the behavior of tourism demand in Mexico.
Key words: Economic policy uncertainty (EPU) index; Tourism demand; Panel data; Cross-section dependence; Panel cointegration; Causality
Agritourism Farms: A Great Way to Promote Local Products – 331
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16449628077748
Rosa Maria Fanelli
Economics and Management of Firms and Agri-Food Systems, Department of Economics, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
Online communication (Web 2.0) is an important tool that can assist consumers in choosing a service and/or buying a product and, if used effectively, can help businesses to improve organizational performance. This is a study of the websites of a sample of 4,080 Italian agritourism farms, which focuses on the construction, utility, and relative maturity of these businesses. The study entails an exploration of how and where the organization of websites is effective for the promotion of the features of agritourism farms and is therefore essential for providing recommendations for decision-makers in the Italian agritourism sector. To test the study hypotheses, an extended model of internet commerce adoption (eMICA) is used, which is adapted to include the information reported on each agritourism farm website. Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) helps to analyze the differences in website design and vacation types on offer at the provincial level. The eMICA highlights the utility of using interactivity to measure the relative maturity of agritourism farm websites. In contrast, the CHAID decision tree shows how the diversification of vacation types is an important strategy for selling local agrifood products, especially to farm accommodation guests.
Key words: Agritourism farms; Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) tree; Extended model of internet commerce adoption (eMICA); Local products; Websites
Network Interaction Utility of User-Generated Content and Destination Image Perception – 343
http://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16534530194813
Bingzhou Li and Yue Yu
Department of Marketing, School of Management, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, China
The overall aim of this article is to construct and empirically validate a theoretical model about how network interaction utility based on user-generated content in virtual tourism communities influences tourism destination image perception with susceptibility to interpersonal influence as a moderating variable. Seventeen hypotheses are proposed after theoretical deduction and are then tested. A presurvey with 63 valid questionnaires and a formal survey with 432 valid questionnaires were conducted. Then the researchers used reliability analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and hierarchical regression. The results show that susceptibility to informational interpersonal influence plays a significantly negative moderating role in the relationship between instrumental utility and cognitive image perception and the relationship between psychological utility and cognitive or affective image perception. Susceptibility to normative interpersonal influence significantly negatively moderates the relationship between psychological utility and cognitive or affective image perception. The findings and marketing implications helps destination marketing organizations reasonably plan tourism resources utilization and tourism product development to build or maintain a sustainable destination.
Key words: Virtual community; User-generated content; Network interaction utility; Destination image; Susceptibility to interpersonal influence
From Learning How to Manage a Pandemic to Learning How to be More Sustainable: COVID-19 Crisis Management and Double-Level Learning – 363
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16572267268326
Damien Chaney
EM Normandie Business School, Metis Lab, Paris, France
Using an organizational learning lens, this article examines how Thailand as a destination has learned lessons from the COVID-19 crisis. Two levels of learning are identified: a first level of learning, in which the destination learns directly from the crisis (i.e., from managing the pandemic) and a second level of learning, which is disconnected from the initial subject of the crisis (i.e., overtourism and sustainability). The data show that this double-level learning was possible due to an intermediate step that helps making the link between the management of the crisis and the management of sustainability. The article suggests that the COVID-19 crisis has given opportunities for tourism actors to draw lessons on the management of overtourism and sustainability, even though the initial crisis was a health crisis and not an ecological one.
Key words: Organizational learning; COVID-19; Sustainability; Crisis management; Overtourism
RESEARCH NOTES
Deconstructing Tourism Attractiveness of Kashmir Valley: A Perspective of Visiting Tourists – 375
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15958123949900
Manjula Chaudhary And Naser Ul Islam
Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
Kashmir valley in India is viewed as a mix of complex images ranging from very scenic to high risk. In such scenario, tourist decision making depends on the perceived reality of tourists. This research is an attempt to deconstruct this perceived reality of tourism attractiveness of Kashmir valley based on the onsite survey of 370 tourists. The factors of tourism attractiveness are identified and an index of destination attractiveness (IDA) is prepared using weighted averages. The results of the study support the common perception that natural attractions are central to tourism attractiveness of the valley but additional tourism motivators and hygiene factors are below the expectations of tourists. The findings of the study can be used to build and align tourism attractiveness through continuous tracking of tourists’ perceptions using the IDA.
Key words: Kashmir valley; Tourism attractiveness; Tourists’ perception; Index of destination attractiveness; Motivation and hygiene in tourism
Corona’s Spillover Effects on the Tourism Industry: Scale Development and Validation – 383
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16187814403155
Swati Gupta,* Arun Aggarwal,† Sanjay Gupta,* and Anchal Arora*
*Sri Aurobindo College of Commerce and Management, Ludhiana, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
†Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, India
The current article takes a tourism-focused perspective to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the attitude of the tourist to travel. For this, the present article conceptualizes, develops, and validates the multidimensional scale on preventive measures of COVID-19. Further, we have developed a new model named Financial Crisis from Contagious Disease (FCCD) stimulator to assess the impact of the virus on the short-term performance of the global tourism industry. The study was exploratory, where initial items were generated through the qualitative method. The purification of the scale items and extraction of the distinct factors were performed through a quantitative approach (exploratory factor analysis). Further, confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the scale. The findings of the study manifested a multidimensional scale measuring the preventive measures of COVID-19 in the tourism context. The research renders a 25-item scale with four distinct factors named Isolation (7 items), Quarantine (7 items), Social Distancing (6 items), and Community Containment (5 items). The present scale will add to the literature of COVID-19 in the context of the tourism industry. The authors assume that this will be the first comprehensive scale, prepared on the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), that will measure the effect of preventive measures of COVID-19 on the attitude of the tourist to travel during a pandemic situation.
Key words: COVID-19; World Health Organization; Tourism sector; Financial crisis; Exploratory factor analysis; Confirmatory factor analysis; Scale development
The Role of Value and Trust in Shaping Recommendation Intentions: Evidence From Travel App Users – 395
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16276940562105
Kijung Choi,* Ying Wang,† and Beverley A. Sparks†
*William Angliss Institute, Melbourne, Australia
†Department of Tourism, Sport and Hotel Management, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
This study assesses the role of value and trust in shaping travelers’ recommendation intentions toward travel apps. Based on structural equation modeling of questionnaire data, the study concludes that utilitarian and hedonic values affect users’ trust, which subsequently leads to intention to recommend travel apps. Results also demonstrate the different impacts of utilitarian and hedonic values on user trust and recommendation intention between information searching apps (e.g., TripAdvisor app) and booking apps (e.g., Booking.com app). This research provides a framework that captures how travelers form their recommendation intention through values and trust gained from mobile app use experiences. It also suggests that travel app providers focus on utilitarian and hedonic values rather than monetary values in building user trust.
Key words: Mobile travel apps; Utilitarian value; Hedonic value; Monetary value; Trust; Recommendation intention
Tourism, Employment, and Economic Expansion in Baltics – 403
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354222X16510114086352
Amin Sokhanvar* and Serhan Ciftcioğlu†
*Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
†Faculty of Business and Economics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
This article examines whether or not an increase in the relative weight of tourism sector in overall economic activity can lower the unemployment rate and enhance the process of economic growth in the Baltic States. The analysis employs two alternative methodologies: Toda-Yamamoto causality testing and Impulse Responses. The most radical insight obtained from the empirical analysis is the idea that even though the causality test results have produced the evidence of the causal effect of such a change in the sectoral composition of GDP on unemployment and economic growth in all Baltic states, the results of impulse responses functions reveal that while Estonia and Latvia are likely to benefit favorably from such a change, both income growth and unemployment rates are adversely affected in Lithuania.
Key words: Relative weight of tourism sector; Unemployment rate; Economic growth; Baltic state
Memorable Tourism Experience: Formative Conceptualization and Tests of Sociodemographic Moderators – 409
https://doi.org/10.3727/108354221X16187814403128
Saadia Shabnam, Mohammed Quaddus, Md. Borak Ali, and Tekle Shanka
School of Management and Marketing, Curtin Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
In recent years, tourism researchers around the globe have given increasing attention to the notion of the memorable tourism experience (MTE). Various factors and dimensions underpinning the MTE and the scale to measure the MTE have been developed. However, existing research has implicitly assumed that the factors that affect the MTE are reflective in nature. This article explores an alternative view that the factors used to measure the MTE are formative instead. Findings from data collected from a sample of 260 respondents confirm our assumption about the formative structure of the MTE. This study also explores the moderating roles of various sociodemographic variables on the relationship between the MTE and revisit intention. The results indicate that gender and country of residence are significant moderating variables. The results of this study advance our knowledge of the MTE, highlighting theoretical and practical implications.
Key words: Memorable tourism experience (MTE); Revisit intention; Moderation; Multigroup analysis
BOOK REVIEW
Gender Equality and Tourism Beyond Empowerment (Stroma Voase, Editor) – 417
Areej Shabib Aloudat
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