Tourism Analysis : An Interdisciplinary Tourism & Hospitality Journal

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Ercan Sirakaya-Türk, Professor
College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport Management
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC, USA
Email: tourism.analysis1996@gmail.com

ASSOCIATE EDITOR FOR ASIA AND PACIFIC REGIONS
Fang Meng, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

REVIEWS EDITOR
Keith Hollinshead, University of Bedfordshire, Putteridge Bury Campus, Luton, UK

BOOK REVIEWS EDITOR
Marcjanna M. Augustyn, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK

RESEARCH NOTES EDITOR
Rich Harrill, International Tourism Research Institute, China Tourism Group, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

EDITORIAL BOARD

Kathleen L. Andereck, Arizona State University, USA
Albert Assaf, University of Massachusetts, USA
Guy Assaker, Lebanese American University, Lebanon
Ernest Azzopardi, University of Malta, Malta
Faruk Balli, Massey University, New Zealand
Mark A. Bonn, Florida State University, USA
Ilenia Bregoli, University of Lincoln, UK
Juan Antonio Campos-Soria, University of Malaga, Spain
Laurence Chalip, University of Illinois, USA
Annie Chen, University of West London, UK
Rachel J. C. Chen, University of Tennessee, USA
Mingming Cheng, University of Otago, New Zealand
Hwan-Suk Chris Choi, University of Guelph, Canada
Germa Coenders, University of Girona, Spain
Nuno Crespo, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
Jonathon Day, Purdue University, USA
Giacomo Del Chiappa, University of Sassari, Italy
Jinyang Deng, West Virginia University, USA
Tarik Dogru, Boston University, USA
Oleksandr Dorokhov, Kharkiv National University of Economics, Ukraine
Yuksel Ekinci, University of Portsmouth, UK
Erdogan H. Ekiz, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Matthias Fuchs, Mid Sweden University, Sweden
Martina González-Gallarza Granizo, Universitat de Valéncia, Spain
Ulrike Gretzel, University of Southern California, USA
Huimin Gu, Beijing International Studies University, China
Ulrich Gunter, MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Rob Hallak, University of South Australia, Australia
Tzung-Cheng Huan, National Chiayi University, Taiwan
Tazim Jamal, Texas A&M University, USA
SooCheong (Shawn) Jang, Purdue University, USA
Pandora Kay, Deakin University, Australia
Ksenia Kirillova, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR
Jennifer Laing, La Trobe University, Australia
Timothy Jeonglyeol Lee, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan
Jun (Justin) Li, South China Normal University, China
Vincent Magnini, Virginia Tech, USA
Bruce Marti, University of Rhode Island, USA
Xavier Matteucci, MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Yeganeh Morakabati, Bournemouth University, UK
Ana María Munar, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark
Jaume Rosselló Nadal, Universitat de Illes Balears, Spain
Sarah Nicholls, Michigan State University, USA
Harmen Oppewal, Monash University, Australia
Ahmet Bulent Ozturk, University of Central Florida, USA
Steven Pike, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Yaniv Poria, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández, University of Jaén, Spain
Haywantee Rumi Ramkissoon, Curtin University, Australia
Wiston Adrián Risso, University of the Republic, Uruguay
José António C. Santos, Universidade do Algarve, Portugal
Zvi Schwartz, University of Delaware, USA
M. Joseph Sirgy, Virginia Tech, USA
Vincent Wing Sun Tung, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR
Anja Tuohino, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Shui-Ki Wan, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR
Kyle M. Woosnam, University of Georgia, USA
Hung Che Wu, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Anita Zehrer, MCI Management Center Innsbruck, Austria

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
Seyhmus Baloglu, University of Nevada, USA

John C. Crotts, College of Charleston, USA
Geoffrey I. Crouch (former co-editor), La Trobe University, Australia
Larry Dwyer, Griffith University, Australia
Daniel Fesenmaier (co-founding editor), University of Florida, USA
Josef Mazanec, MODUL University Vienna, Austria
Stephen L. J. Smith, University of Waterloo, Canada
Harry Timmermans, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
Muzaffer Uysal (co-founding editor), University of Massachusetts, USA

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Manuscript submission: Authors should submit Word document manuscript and figure/table files via this link:

Follow the guidelines below to prepare the manuscript, figures and tables.

General manuscript preparation: Two files are to be submitted. The first file is the title page. This is the only file that contains author and affiliation information. All other file(s) should not contain any information that might reveal the identity of the authors. The second file is the main document (the body of the manuscript), including the article title, abstract, keywords, text body, and references. Tables and figures can be included in this file on separate pages at the end of the manuscript (NOT embedded in the manuscript), or they can be submitted as a separate file.

Maximum word count for full-length manuscripts, including references, is approximately 7,700 words. Short manuscripts (Research Notes) should not exceed approximately 2,500 words.

All content in the main document should be double spaced except tables and figures. Use Times New Roman font, 12 point size (except in tables and figures). Use one-inch margins on all sides of the page, left justified, with a ragged right-hand margin (no full justification). Indent ALL paragraphs to start at 5 spaces, including the first paragraph below headings or subheadings. There should be no footnotes at the bottom of pages and no endnotes at the end of the manuscript. All material must be included in the text. Round numbers (e.g., correlations, significance level, standard deviations, etc.) to two decimal places in the text, tables, and figure legends. Use a period (American system) not a comma when reporting decimals.

American English spelling should be used in all content except in quoted material and references that use British spelling originally. References in other languages should provide an English translation shown in brackets.

A statement identifying the gap in the literature and your manuscript’s theoretical contribution should be included, preferably within the first few paragraphs of the text (or at least in the first two pages). The manuscript needs to make an original contribution to the theory and practice of Tourism Management and Policy.

Tourism Analysis is an English language journal. Authors not fluent in English are expected to have their manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English before submitting.

Title page: This should contain the title, all author names, and corresponding affiliation(s) for each author, which includes Department, Institution, City (State), and Country. The corresponding author must be clearly designated and a complete mailing address and email address for the corresponding author must be included (phone and fax numbers are optional). The article title should be short, impressive, and attractive. A short title (for the running head) of approximately 40 characters or less should also be included. Provide any acknowledgment(s) on the title page.

ORCID iD: Authors may include their ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) number if they wish and a link and the iD number will be included in the final article.

Abstract and key words: Provide an abstract of 150 to 200 words. It should contain an abbreviated representation of the content of the manuscript. Major results, conclusions, and/or recommendations should be given, followed by supporting details of method, scope, or purpose as appropriate. Supply 3 to 5 keywords suitable for indexing. Do not include reference citations in the abstract.

Text: Clearly indicate all main and subheadings. The main body text (except for Reviews) should be structured using the following headings: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions. Follow the APA Publication Manual (6th edition) guidelines for citing references in the text (see below) and for the reference list. All figures and tables must be cited in the text in the order in which they appear (do not incorporate figures and tables within the body of the text). The location of the tables and figures should be indicated by an insert tag: Insert Table 1 about here. The file (main document without any author information) should be arranged as: title, abstract and key words, main body text, reference list, figure legends, tables and figures. Figures and tables can also be provided as separate files (see below).

The Introduction section should include the specified research gap(s) in the literature, the study’s exact research objectives, the importance/significance of the study, originality, and theoretical contributions (preferably within the first few paragraphs or first two pages). The paper should make original, value-added contributions to the theory and practice of tourism management and policy.

The Literature Review section should include both seminal and updated literature. Previous literature should not only be summarized but also critically synthesized, and research gaps should be discussed clearly. The hypotheses should be proposed in a logically way out of the literature.

The Methodology section should include detailed information regarding the research design and approach, survey instruments or interview protocol, data collection procedures, and outcome.

The Results section should include detailed report of the analyses and findings. Narratives and tables/figures should complement each other.

The Conclusion section should include the following subsections: a conclusive summary of the research findings and how the findings, theoretical contributions, managerial/practical implications, limitations, and future research.

References: The reference list should be arranged in alphabetical order. Follow APA Publication Manual (7th edition) for text and reference list citations, per the examples below. Consult the 7th edition for additional examples for reference list entries. [Note: always provide citation page number(s) in the text for quoted material from a printed source.] Include in the reference list only those cited in the text and ensure that all text citations have an entry in the reference list.

Text citations: (Gladney, 2004) or (Boes et al., 2015; Clabaugh, 2018; McKercher et al., 2015) or (Crompton, 1979, p. 411) (for quoted material). Note that names are to be alphabetical within the parenthetical, NOT by date order.

Journal article: McKercher, B., Shoval, N., Park, E., & Kahani, A. (2015). The [limited] impact of weather on tourist behavior in an urban destination. Journal of Travel Research, 54(4), 442–455.

Book: Gladney, D. C. (2004). Dislocating China: Muslims, minorities, and other subaltern subjects. University of Chicago Press.

Book chapter in edited book: Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2015). Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions In I. Tussyadiah & A. Inversini (Eds.), Information and communication technologies in tourism 2015 (pp. 391–403). Springer.

Internet source: Clabaugh, J. (2018). Another record year for DC tourism: 22.8 million visitors. https://wtop.com/business-finance/2018/08/another-record-year-for-dc-tourism-22-8m-visitors/

Please note that citations such as “personal communication” should be cited parenthetically in the text only. Do not include in the reference list.

Inclusive and Bias-Free Language: Authors should ensure that their manuscript is free from bias, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and does not indicate cultural dominance or make cultural assumptions. Use appropriate and unbiased language descriptors regarding age, disability, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and other personal factors. Consult Chapter 5 of the 7th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for bias-free language guidelines.

Use of Copyright Material: Authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication. The written permission should be provided when the manuscript is accepted for publication.

Figures: All figures should be provided in .doc, .jpg, .tif, or .pdf format, at high resolution. Do not incorporate figures within the text of the manuscript. Figures should be prepared without color unless the figure is to be printed in color. [Note there is a charge for printing figures in color (see Author Options below)]. Avoid light shading that will not reproduce well. Labeling and figure detail should be large enough to be legible after reduction to fit page parameters. Include a figure legend for each figure at the end of the manuscript file. Do not incorporate figure legends or figure number as part of the figure itself.

Tables: Table material should not duplicate the text. Include tables in a separate file. Include a title for each table. Avoid overly wide or long tables that would not fit printed page parameters. Place tables on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. Cite each table in the text. Do not embed tables within the text of the manuscript.

Copyright: Publications are copyrighted for the protection of authors and the publisher. A Transfer of Copyright Agreement will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript files(s).

Author Options: Articles appearing in Tourism Analysis are available to be open access and also contain color figures (neither is a condition for publication). Authors will be provided with an Author Option Form, which indicates the following options.

A voluntary submission fee of $125.00 includes one free page of color and a 50% discount on additional color pages (color is discounted to $100.00 per color page).

Open access is available for a fee of $200.00 for up to 15 pages and $50.00 for each additional page. Color would be discounted to $100.00 per color page.

If you choose to have your article be open access, an Open Access form will be sent with the amount due based on the number of pages at proof stage. The Open Access form will need to be completed and returned with payment information and any corrections to the proof prior to publication.

The use of color in articles is an important feature. Your article may contain figures that should be printed in color. There is a charge for figures appearing in color. Cost for color figure in an article $200.00 (if not paying Voluntary Submission Fee or Open Access Fee). A payment form will be provided with your proof if you take advantage of this option, which will need to be completed and returned with any corrections to the proof prior to publication.

Author Option Form: The Author Option form will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript file(s) even if the answer is “No” to the options. This form serves as confirmation of your choice for the options.

Page Proofs: Page proofs will be sent electronically to the designated corresponding author prior to publication. Minor changes only are allowed at this stage. The designated corresponding author will receive one free copy of the issue in which the article is published and a free pdf file of the final press article will be sent by email.

Disclaimer: Although every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, editors, and their respective employees, officers, and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.

Tourism Analysis (TA) Peer Review Policy 

Tourism Analysis (TA) employs a double blind review process.

Submitted manuscripts are reviewed by the editorial office for format, content requirements, and authors contact information. The editor-in-chief (EIC) then reviews the manuscript for its methodology, grammar, and language use and decides whether it deserves to move to the next level. If the manuscript is found to not meet minimum quality standards the EIC will desk-reject the manuscript.

If the manuscript is written following TA guidelines and meets minimum standards, the EIC invites four to five reviewers from a mixture of the review board members, past reviewers within the database, or new recruits depending upon the need of the expertise area. Typically, the reviewers are given four to nine weeks to review the manuscript and provide feedback.

The EIC needs at least two reports by the reviewers to make a preliminary judgement regarding the manuscript: accept, revise per review comments and resubmit, or reject. Manuscripts can go through several rounds of review based on needed revisions and report of the reviewers. The EIC can ask for additional work (e.g., language, cross-referencing of citations, adjustments to tables and figures) to be done before final acceptance.

If a manuscript is deemed to be a significant work but has not met the requirements to be published as a full article, the EIC can ask the authors to resubmit their work as a Research Note after revisions have been made per reviewer comments.  The same reviewers may be recruited again to review the research note on a more lenient basis.

Invited manuscripts do not go through a rigorous peer review process but one or two reviewers are still recruited to help the submitting author make needed adjustments to enhance the manuscript.

As a reviewer for Tourism Analysis you can take advantage of the following incentive:

If you review three papers for one of the Cognizant journals (Tourism Review International, Tourism Analysis, Event Management, Tourism Culture and Communication, Tourism in Marine Environments, and Gastronomy and Tourism) within a one-year period, you will qualify for a free OPEN ACCESS article in one of the above journals.

If you are interested in becoming a reviewer for TA, please contact the Editor in Chief: Ercan Sirakaya-Türk, Professor, College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA – Email: ercan@hrsm.sc.edu

ETHICS STATEMENT

The publishers and editorial board of Tourism Analysis have adopted the publication ethics and malpractice statements of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/core-practices. These guidelines highlight what is expected of authors and what they can expect from the reviewers and editorial board in return. They also provide details of how problems will be handled. Briefly:

Tourism Analysis is governed by an international editorial board consisting of experts in Leisure, Recreation, Tourism, and Hospitality (LRTH), and related fields. Information regarding the editorial board members is listed on the inside front cover of the printed copy of the journal in addition to the homepage for the journal at: https://www.cognizantcommunication.com/journal-titles/tourism-analysis under the “Editorial Board” tab.

This editorial board conducts most of the manuscript reviews and plays a large role in setting the standards for research and publication in the field. The Editor-in-Chief receives and processes all manuscripts and from time to time will modify the editorial board to ensure a continuous improvement in quality.

The reviewers uphold a peer review process without favoritism or prejudice to gender, sexual orientation, religious/political beliefs, nationality, or geographical origin. Each submission is given equal consideration for acceptance based only on the manuscript’s importance, originality, academic integrity, and clarity and whether it is suitable for the journal in accordance with the Aims and Scope of the journal. They must not have a conflict of interest with the author(s) or work described. The anonymity of the reviewers must be maintained.

All manuscripts are sent out for blind review and the editor/editorial board will maintain the confidentiality of author(s) and their submitted research and supporting documentation, figures, and tables and all aspects pertaining to each submission.

Reviewers are expected to not possess any conflicts of interest with the authors. They should review the manuscript objectively and provide recommendations for improvements where necessary. Any unpublished information read by a reviewer should be treated as confidential.

Authors

Manuscripts must contain original material and must not have been published previously. Material accepted for publication may not be published elsewhere without the consent of the publisher. All rights and permissions must be obtained by the contributor(s) and should be sent upon acceptance of manuscripts for publication.

References, acknowledgments, figure legends, and tables must be properly cited and authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables, etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication.

Authors listed on a manuscript must have made a significant contribution to the study and/or writing of the manuscript. During revisions, authors cannot be removed without their permission and that of all other authors. All authors must also agree to the addition of new authors.  It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that this occurs.

Financial support and conflicts of interest for all authors must be declared.

The reported research must be novel and authentic and the author(s) should confirm that the same data has not been and is not going to be submitted to another journal (unless already rejected). Plagiarism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could result in retraction of an accepted article.

When humans, animals, or tissue derived from them have been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval must be included in the manuscript.

Publisher

The publishers agree to ensure, to the best of their abilities, that the information they publish is genuine and ethically sound. If publishing ethics issues come to light, not limited to accusations of fraudulent data or plagiarism, during or after the publication process, they will be investigated by the editorial board including contact with the authors’ institutions if necessary, so that a decision on the appropriate corrections, clarifications, or retractions can be made. The publishers agree to publish this as necessary so as to maintain the integrity of the academic record.

View All Abstracts

Access Current Articles (Volume 26, Number 1)

Table of Contents:

Volume 26, Number 1

Identifying and Measuring Customer Delight in the Hospitality Industry – 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15758301241909

Dalilis Escobar Rivera,* Martí Casadesús Fa,* and Alexandra Simon Villar†

*Department of Organization, Business Management, and Product Design, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
†Department of Business Organization, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

The aim of this study is to identify customer delight by developing a research model and measurement scale in the hospitality industry that includes cognitive and emotional factors. The main analysis to support the research uses a confirmatory factor analysis, while collected data represent 186 tourism experiences in hotels and restaurants. The model describes a way to appraise memorable experiences by customers and the positive significance of emotions based on their needs. The authors argue that managing designed experiences and considering a customer’s service ideal from the factors in the proposed model could be the basis for achieving customer delight in the hospitality industry.

Key words: Customer delight; Basic emotions; Hospitality industry

Improving Efficiency Evaluation in Tourism Analysis: Weight Restrictions Models and Value Judgments – 11
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15951158731568

Pilar Alberca* and Jorge Santos†

*Department of Business and Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
†Department of Mathematics CIMA (Centro de Investigacao em Matematica e Aplicacoes), School of Science and Technology (ECT), Universidade de Evora, Evora, Portugal

The aim of this study is to analyze the operational efficiency of tourism firms using weights-restricted data envelopment analysis (DEA) in a mathematical optimization framework. The use of weight restrictions has been applied in several studies on efficiency and performance evaluation, in order to account for the decision maker’s information. In this study, a nonstandard approach to operational efficiency evaluation is applied in an attempt to overcome certain limitations in tourism analysis—namely, the fact that the analyst may choose to consider only a few rather than all of the input variables. One of the main findings of this study is that total weight flexibility can lead to nonrational weights due to the fact that certain inputs are effectively ignored. Furthermore, total weight flexibility can result in too many units being assessed as efficient, reducing the discriminatory power of the model. This problem can be solved by applying weight restrictions. A first practical implication is that the weighted DEA model yields better efficiency estimations. Moreover, since a high number of efficient units could be considered an unrealistic result, the findings of this study demonstrate that the choice of weighted or restricted DEA model produces more accurate efficiency results.

Key words: Performance; Efficiency; Tourism analysis; Weight restrictions; Data envelopment analysis (DEA)

Examining the Stability of the Long-Run Relationship Between Tourism and Economic Growth for Puerto Rico – 19
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15758301241927

Jamal Husein and S. Murat Kara

Accounting, Economics and Finance Department, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX, USA

This study empirically examines the stability of the long-run relationship between tourism and economic growth for Puerto Rico using annual data for 1960–2016. Robust results across several model specifications support the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, real tourism receipts, and real exchange rate. Contrary to many previous studies that either explicitly or implicitly assume the stability of the cointegrated vector, the authors apply formal stability tests developed by Hansen and Johansen to investigate the long-run parameter constancy issue. Tests for long-run parameter stability reveal that the hypothesis of stable long-run parameters could not be rejected. The results indicate that tourism is a stable source of economic growth for Puerto Rico and Granger causality tests based on the error-correction model indicate a unidirectional causality from tourism receipts to real GDP.

Key words: Causality; Cointegration; Stability; Puerto Rico; Tourism-led growth

Happy Memories: Improved Subjective Happiness Through Vacation Recollection – 33
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15758301241936

Atsushi Kawakubo and Takashi Oguchi

College of Contemporary Psychology, Rikkyo University, Saitama, Japan

This study aims to examine the influences of travel during a summer vacation on subsequent subjective happiness. We also investigate the roles of memories of the vacation and of recollecting these memories. The participants reported their degree of subjective happiness via two online surveys. The analyses showed that the recollection of travel had a positive influence on subsequent subjective happiness. Notably, this effect was not direct but rather mediated through satisfaction with the vacation. The results showed that not only having a fun vacation but also recalling the memories of that time have the possibility to promote vacationers’ well-being. The article concludes with important implications for the success of tourism businesses as well as the enhancement of tourists’ senses of well-being. Also the study’s limitations provide some interesting avenues for future research.

Key words: Travel; Memory; Well-being; Travel satisfaction; Subjective happiness

Hiring People With Disabilities as a CSR Strategy in the Tourism Industry – 41
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15758302602547

Mehmet Ali Köseoglu,* Alice Hon,* Valentini Kalargyrou,† and Fevzi Okumus‡

*School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
†Peter T. Paul College of Business and Economics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
‡Rosen College of Hospitality Management, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA

According to corporate social responsibility (CSR), firms should conduct activities focusing not only on the self-interest of the firm but also on benefiting society. Drawing on the CSR approach, this study investigates the barriers to employment for people with physical disabilities (PWPDs) in the Hong Kong (HK) tourism industry. Forty-seven human resources (HR) managers, directors, and members of the HK Hotel Association were interviewed. The main barriers to employing PWPDs include firms’ lack of intent to employ people with disabilities (PWDs), the physical layout of organizations, the lack of an HR management model related to PWDs, and the lack of communication between industry and related nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) related to PWPDs.

Key words: Employing people with disabilities; People with physical disabilities (PWPDs); People with disabilities (PWDs); Social responsibility; Barriers

RESEARCH NOTES

Would You Be More Satisfied With Your Life if You Travel More Frequently? – 57
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X16072200013427

Chun-Chu Chen,* Suiwen (Sharon) Zou,† and James F. Petrick‡

*School of Hospitality Business Management, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
†Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
‡Department of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA

This research intends to examine whether frequent travelers are more satisfied with their life as well as why these individuals travel more frequently than others. Derived from a sample of 500 Taiwanese respondents, the study results show that respondents attaching personal importance to tourism are more likely to gather travel-relevant information, resulting in more frequent travels. It is also found that frequent travelers are more satisfied with their life. These findings suggest that travel and tourism can be an important life domain affecting how people evaluate their overall quality of life.

Key words: Life satisfaction; Tourists’ quality of life; Bottom-up theory of well-being; Travel importance

Are Tourism Imports a Luxury or Necessity? – 65
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15950810139337

David Bojanic and Melody Lo

Neil Griffin College of Business, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, USA

This article compares the impact of economic development on the import demand for international trade and international (outbound) tourism using cointegration analysis on a panel of countries at the turn of the century. Initial evidence suggests that substantially different properties exist between the total import demand and the tourism import demand. In particular, the distinct difference lies in how each type of import demand responds to economic development. It can be concluded that international travel has become more of a necessity than a luxury in the process of economic development towards the end of the 20th century, especially in countries with higher levels of economic development. This result is in contrast to the documented stylized international pattern for aggregate import data.

Key words: Tourism import demand; Income elasticity; Economic development; Panel cointegration

Effects of Price Model Copycats in the Ski Industry – 71
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15950120083867

Martin Falk* and Miriam Scaglione†

*School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
†Institute Tourism, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland Valais (HES-SO Valais-Wallis), Switzerland

This article investigates the impact of the introduction of a greatly reduced seasonal ski pass for overnight stays in winter destinations. The analysis covers 59 winter sports destinations in Switzerland for the winter seasons 2012/2013 to 2017/2018, of which 11 introduced the “Magic Pass.” Winter destinations without the reduced ski pass constituted the control group. Panel difference-in-differences estimates show that the Magic Pass in 2017/2018 led to an increase in domestic overnight stays in the winter season of 31%. However, foreign overnight stays in the same period were not affected by the price discount. Overall, the magnitude of the discount price effect was lower than that of a previous attempt. Control variables such as average snow depth and temperature for the winter months of December to March were not or only marginally significant. Since the positive effects of price reductions were limited to domestic overnight stays, price reductions should be viewed critically.

Key words: Price discounts; Ski resort; Overnight stays; Switzerland; Difference-in-differences model; Panel data methods

Self-Congruity, Destination Brand, and the Use of Social Media – 77
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15984209532638

Gonzalo Luna-Cortes

Katholische Universitat Eichstatt-Ingolstadt, Eichstatt, Germany

The present research examines the connection of self-congruity and destination brand with tourists’ use of social media. The study focuses on US tourists who visit Colombia (South America). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine these relationships. The results show that self-congruity positively influences the perception of the destination brand and the positive content created in social media about the destination. The conclusions of this article present the managerial implications of the findings.

Key words: Self-congruity; Nation brand; Social media; US tourists; Colombia

Research Design in Socially Deviant Tourist Behavior Studies: A Mixed-Method Approach – 83
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15758302602538

Jun Wen* and Fang Meng†

*School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA, Australia
†School of Hotel, Restaurant, and Tourism Management, College of Hospitality, Retail and Sport Management, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

Most extant research on socially deviant tourist behavior is qualitative in nature and lacks empirical investigation due to the topic’s sensitivity and data collection difficulties. This research note addresses the methodological and data collection challenges in deviant tourist behavior studies and provides a comprehensive mixed-method research design by demonstrating an empirical study of drug tourism among Chinese visitors in Amsterdam. A sequential explanatory design is presented, which includes ethnography and two-staged qualitative interview data gathering and analysis, followed by a cross-sectional quantitative survey study. This research note provides methodological contributions to solve the data collection problems in special interest tourism and other sensitive research topics in social science.

Key words: Socially deviant tourist behavior; Mixed-method research; Ethnography; Drug tourism; Chinese outbound tourists

REVIEWS SECTION – 89

REVIEW

Mobility Regimes, Subversive Mobilities, and Tourism – 91
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/108354220X15972821930657

Erik Cohen

Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

In this review article, Erik Cohen raises the question as to whether the contemporary social world is a collection of bounded entities, particularly nation-states, or an open borderless entity of global flows. He argues that while the mobilities paradigm implied a growing openness to travel and tourism flows around the globe, new mechanisms of control and surveillance deployed by mobility regimes increasingly pose obstacles in the way of those flows. But, to him, the effects of these obstacles are not equally distributed on the global level. To show these differences, Cohen discusses in some detail the concept of mobilities, the threats that engendered the contemporary mobility regimes, as well as the various mobilities that strive to subvert them. He shows how these factors impacted upon the shape of world travel and tourism flows. Cohen maintains that by privileging tourists and other travelers from wealthy, particularly Western, countries, while excluding those from poor ones as undesirable visitors, those control and surveillance mechanisms exacerbate global inequalities in travel opportunities, even as they encourage the invention of new methods of subversion of mobility regimes. He thereby concludes that the view of the social world depends on one’s perspective: for the privileged people high on the mobilities hierarchy, the social world appears as a spectrum of free global flows, but for the excluded ones, low on that hierarchy, it appears as a collection of bounded entities. (Abstract by the Reviews Editor)

Key words: Global flows; Mobilities; Mobility regimes; Subversive mobilities; Control and surveillance mechanisms

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Tourism Analysis is an “A” category journal with the ABDC (Australian Business Dean’s Council) http://abdc.edu.au/research/abdc-journal-list/

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Approval rate of papers submitted to you in 2020:  14%
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