Tourism Culture & Communication

EDITORS-IN-CHIEF

Tourism Culture and Communication uses CrossRef Similarity Check and is sustained by Portico Preservation Services.

Manuscript submission: Authors should submit their manuscripts to the joint editor-in-chief, Professor Brian King and Assistant Professor Wantanee Suntikul at https://tcc.scholasticahq.com/for-authors. The submission of manuscripts, figures, and tables should follow the guidelines noted below.

https://tcc.scholasticahq.com/for-authors

General manuscript preparation: Manuscripts should be submitted as a Word document, double spaced, with all pages numbered. Because manuscripts are sent out for blind review, submissions should include a cover page that includes only the title. Submissions should include figures and tables at the end of the file or provide figures in a separate file attachment. It is important to note that figures and tables should not be incorporated within the text of the manuscript. Main and secondary headings should be clearly identifiable.

Title page: This should contain the title of the manuscript, and the names of all authors and corresponding affiliation(s) for each contributor, which should include Department/School/College, Institution, City (State), and Country. The corresponding author must be clearly designated and a complete postal mailing address and email address must be included for the corresponding author (phone and fax numbers are optional). A short title should also be included.

ORCID iD: Authors may include their ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) number if they wish and a link and the iD number will be included in the final article.

Abstract and key words: Submissions should an abstract of up to 300 words. This will represent the content of the manuscript in abbreviated form. It should include major results, conclusions, and/or recommendations, followed by supporting details of the research method, scope and purpose, as appropriate. Three to five key words that are suitable for indexing purposes should be supplied.

Text: All main and subheadings should be clearly indicated. The APA Publication Manual (7th edition) guidelines should be followed for citing references in the text (see below) and for the reference list. All figures and tables must be cited in the text in the order in which they appear (do not incorporate figures and tables within the body of the text). The file should be arranged as: title-only cover page, title page (with names and affiliations), abstract and key words, main body text, reference list, figure legends and figures (or provide figures in a separate file), and tables.

References: The reference list should be arranged in alphabetical order. Follow APA Publication Manual (7th edition) for text and reference list citations, following the examples that are set out below. Consult chapters 8 and 9 in the manual for complete text citations and reference list entries manual. [Note: always provide citation page number(s) in the text for quoted material from a printed source.] Include in the reference list only those cited in the text and ensure that all text citations have an entry in the reference list.

Text citations: (Bruckman, 2002) or (Alderman & Modlin, 2016; Cai, 2002; Laesser et al., 2009) or (Kahn, 2013, p. 38) (for quoted material). Please note that names within parentheses should appear in alphabetical order, NOT listed chronologically.

Journal Article: Parashar, A., Kumar, M., & Saluja, V. (2019). Discovering India through imagery in postcolonial travel writings. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 19(2), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.3727/109830419X15536971539399

Book: Arnold-de Simine, S. (2013). Mediating memory in the museum: Trauma, empathy, nostalgia. Palgrave Macmillan.

Book chapter in edited book: Gallas, K. L., & Perry, J. D. (2014). Comprehensive content and contested historical narratives. In K. L. Gallas & J. D. Perry (Eds.), Interpreting slavery at museums and historic sites (pp. 1–20). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Internet Source: The Art of Travel. (2016). Solo female travel on rise: A report. https://artoftravel.tips/solo-female-travel/#.WgkIW1uCy71

Please note that citations such as “personal communication” should be cited parenthetically in the text only. Do not include in the reference list.

Inclusive and Bias-Free Language: Authors should ensure that their manuscript is free from bias, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and does not indicate cultural dominance or make cultural assumptions. Use appropriate and unbiased language descriptors regarding age, disability, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and other personal factors. Consult Chapter 5 of the 7th edition of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for bias-free language guidelines.

Use of Copyright Material: Authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication.

Figures: All figures should be provided in .doc, .jpg, .tif, or .pdf format, at high resolution. Do not incorporate figures within the text of the manuscript. Figures should be prepared without color unless the figure is to be printed in color (note there is a charge for printing figures in color). Avoid light shading that will not reproduce well. Labeling and figure detail must be large enough to be legible after reduction to fit page parameters. Each figure must be cited in thetext and legends for all illustrations should be included at the end of the manuscript file. Do not incorporate the figure legend or figure number as part of the figure itself.

Tables: Table material should not duplicate the text. Include each table on a separate page at the end of the manuscript or as a separate file. Include a title for each table. Avoid overly wide or long tables that would not fit printed page parameters.

Copyright: Publications are copyrighted for the protection of authors and the publisher. A Transfer of Copyright Agreement will be sent to the corresponding author whose manuscript is accepted for publication. The form must becompleted and returned with the final manuscript files(s).

Online Fast Track Publication: Accepted manuscripts will be loaded to Fast Track with DOI links online. Fast Track is an early e-pub system whereby subscribers to the journal can start reading and citing the articles prior to their inclusion in a journal issue. Please note that articles published in Fast Track are not the final print publication with proofs. Once the accepted manuscript is ready to publish in an issue of the journal, the corresponding author will receive a proof from our Production Department for approval. Once approved and published, the Fast Track version of the manuscript is deleted and replaced with the final published article. Online Fast Track publication ensures that the accepted manuscripts can be read and cited as quickly as possible.

Author Options: Articles appearing in Tourism, Culture & Communication are available to be open access and also contain color figures (neither is a condition for publication). Authors will be provided with an Author Option Form, which indicates the following options.

A voluntary submission fee of $125.00 includes one free page of color and a 50% discount on additional color pages (color is discounted to $100.00 per color page).

Open access is available for a fee of $200.00 for up to 15 pages and $50.00 for each additional page. Color would be discounted to $100.00 per color page.

If you choose to have your article be open access, an Open Access form will be sent with the amount due based on the number of pages at proof stage. The Open Access form will need to be completed and returned with payment information and any corrections to the proof prior to publication.

The use of color in articles is an important feature. Your article may contain figures that should be printed in color. There is a charge for figures appearing in color. Cost for color figure in an article $200.00 (if not paying Voluntary Submission Fee or Open Access Fee). A payment form will be provided with your proof if you take advantage of this option, which will need to be completed and returned with any corrections to the proof prior to publication.

Author Option Form: The Author Option form will be sent to the author whose manuscript is accepted. The form must be completed and returned with the final manuscript file(s) even if the answer is “No” to the options. This form serves as confirmation of your choice for the options.

Page Proofs: Page proofs will be sent electronically to the designated corresponding author prior to publication. Minor changes only are allowed at this stage. The designated corresponding author will receive one free copy of the issue in which the article is published and a free pdf file of the final press article will be sent by email.

Disclaimer: Although the publisher and editorial board make every effort to ensure that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement appears in this journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the sole responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher, the editorial board, editors, and their respective employees, officers, and agents accept no responsibility or liability whatsoever for the consequences of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion, or statement.

Tourism, Culture and Communication (TCC) Peer Review Policy

To maintain high peer reviewing standards, Tourism, Culture & Communication (TCC) uses a double-blind review process, whereby the identity of the reviewers is unknown to the authors and authors identities are unknown to the reviewers. Peer review is defined as the evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field to ensure the publication of high-quality scientific research.

The TCC peer review process is as follows:

An article is first checked for formatting and required acknowledgments by the Journal Administrator, after which it is forwarded to the Joint-Editors-in-Chief (JEIC).

The JEIC select between 2 and 4 reviewers based on key words, article content and peer review track record. to provide a detailed assessment of the paper. The reviewers are always experts in their field and may be members of the TCC editorial board. Reviewers will have no history of conflict with the authors of the paper and should be in good standing, based on their scholarly track record.

The comments received from the reviewers (a minimum of 2) will be received within 4-6 weeks. They are delivered to the JEIC who draw upon these comments to assess the merit of the manuscript, along with their own assessment. Special attention is given to declarations of potential conflict of interest. Where applicable, the JEIC will verify statements about appropriate approvals received in the case of research using human subjects. Likewise, claims about the use of appropriate statistical testing are ensured.

On receipt of relevant and sufficient reviewer comments, the JEIC will reach a collective decision based on a close examination and a determination is then conveyed to the authors. The authors receive detailed comments along with the final decision: accept, accept with minor revision, accept with major revision, or rejection. Authors may be invited to resubmit their work as a research note at the discretion of the JEIC. The comments to authors are blinded. The identity of the JEIC (and where appropriate the applicable editorial associate) is revealed in the decision letter.

Prospective TCC reviewers have the opportunity to read and evaluate current research in their area of expertise when it is at an early stage, thereby contributing to the integrity of scientific exploration. Anyone interested in becoming a reviewer for TCC is invited to contact the JEIC Brian King and Wantanee Suntikul, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China at tcc@polyu.edu.hk.

As a reviewer for Tourism, Culture & Communication, you can take advantage of the following incentive:

If you review three papers for one of the Cognizant journals (Tourism Review International, Tourism Analysis, Event Management, Tourism Culture and Communication, Tourism in Marine Environments, and Gastronomy and Tourism) within a one-year period, you will qualify for a free OPEN ACCESS article in one of the above journals.

ETHICS STATEMENT

The publishers and editorial board of Tourism Culture & Communication have adopted the publication ethics and malpractice statements of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) https://publicationethics.org/core-practices. These guidelines highlight what is expected of authors and what they can expect from the reviewers and editorial board in return. They also provide details of how problems will be handled. Briefly:

Editorial Board

Tourism Culture & Communication is governed by an international editorial board consisting of experts in interdisciplinary perspectives in areas of interest that may branch away from traditionally recognized national and indigenous cultures, for example, cultural attitudes toward the management of tourists with disabilities, gender aspects of tourism, sport tourism, or age-specific tourism, and related fields. Information regarding the editorial board members is listed on the inside front cover of the printed copy of the journal in addition to the homepage for the journal at: https://www.cognizantcommunication.com/journal-titles/tourism-culture-a-communication under the “Editorial Board” tab.

This editorial board conducts most of the manuscript reviews and plays a large role in setting the standards for research and publication in the field. The Editor-in-Chief receives and processes all manuscripts and from time to time will modify the editorial board to ensure a continuous improvement in quality.

The reviewers uphold a peer review process without favoritism or prejudice to gender, sexual orientation, religious/political beliefs, nationality, or geographical origin. Each submission is given equal consideration for acceptance based only on the manuscript’s importance, originality, academic integrity, and clarity and whether it is suitable for the journal in accordance with the Aims and Scope of the journal. They must not have a conflict of interest with the author(s) or work described. The anonymity of the reviewers must be maintained.

All manuscripts are sent out for blind review and the editor/editorial board will maintain the confidentiality of author(s) and their submitted research and supporting documentation, figures, and tables and all aspects pertaining to each submission.

Reviewers are expected to not possess any conflicts of interest with the authors. They should review the manuscript objectively and provide recommendations for improvements where necessary. Any unpublished information read by a reviewer should be treated as confidential.

Authors

Manuscripts must contain original material and must not have been published previously. Material accepted for publication may not be published elsewhere without the consent of the publisher. All rights and permissions must be obtained by the contributor(s) and should be sent upon acceptance of manuscripts for publication.

References, acknowledgments, figure legends, and tables must be properly cited and authors must attest their manuscript contains original work and provide proof of permission to reproduce any content (artwork, photographs, tables, etc.) in connection with their manuscript, also ensuring their work does not infringe on any copyright and that they have obtained permission for its use. It is important to note that any and all materials obtain via the Internet/social media (including but not limited to Face Book, Twitter, Instagram, etc.) falls under all copyright rules and regulations and permission for use must be obtained prior to publication.

Authors listed on a manuscript must have made a significant contribution to the study and/or writing of the manuscript. During revisions, authors cannot be removed without their permission and that of all other authors. All authors must also agree to the addition of new authors.  It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that this occurs.

Financial support and conflicts of interest for all authors must be declared.

The reported research must be novel and authentic and the author(s) should confirm that the same data has not been and is not going to be submitted to another journal (unless already rejected). Plagiarism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could result in retraction of an accepted article.

When humans, animals, or tissue derived from them have been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval must be included in the manuscript.

Publisher

The publishers agree to ensure, to the best of their abilities, that the information they publish is genuine and ethically sound. If publishing ethics issues come to light, not limited to accusations of fraudulent data or plagiarism, during or after the publication process, they will be investigated by the editorial board including contact with the authors’ institutions if necessary, so that a decision on the appropriate corrections, clarifications, or retractions can be made. The publishers agree to publish this as necessary so as to maintain the integrity of the academic record.

View All Abstracts

Access Current Articles (Volume 21, Number 3)

Table of Contents:

Volume 21, Number 3

Depicting National Cultures: Comprehensiveness of 21st Century Travel Guidebooks – 167
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16214600268131

Henrik Vejlgaard

Department of Services, Tourism, and Hospitality, Copenhagen Business Academy, Copenhagen, Denmark

Travel guidebooks play an important role in tourism as an information source. They not only give practical information but also cultural information. However, this latter aspect of guidebooks has barely been researched. Guidebook authors can choose to write about any aspects of a country’s national culture, but we do not seem to know which aspects they chose to write about—that is, how comprehensive the guidebooks’ depictions of culture are. In order to establish the comprehensiveness of contemporary guidebooks, a framework of cultural categories is developed based on theories about culture and intercultural communication. The method is content analysis of document data. In the empirical part of the study, three guidebooks about Denmark are examined quantitatively in order to establish how comprehensive their representation of the cultural values and cultural behavior categories of Denmark is. Based on the criteria set, travel guidebooks cannot be considered comprehensive. Readers should be aware that guidebooks only give a partial view of a destination’s culture. With the increased availability of online hotel and restaurant resources for tourists, the publishers of travel guidebooks could expand the sections on national culture. This will increase readers’ experiential value of the guidebooks and give guidebooks a competitive edge, whether the guidebooks are printed or digital.

Key words: Intercultural communication; Cultural values; Cultural behavior; Cultural categories; Denmark

Home and Away: Australian Travelers’ Consumption of Everyday Village Life in Indonesia – 183
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16213644579337

Desideria Cempaka Wijaya Murti*†

*Department of Communication Studies, Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
†School of Media, Culture, and Creative Arts, Curtin University, Kent Bentley, Western Australia

This article aims to explore (1) what kind of everyday materials in rural villages attract Australian tourists to visit; (2) the nature of the dynamic tensions that occur during the interactions; and (3) how these create reflexivity with regard to the notion of home. Employing ethnographic interviews, participating in tour packages, and observing the interactions between Australian travelers and local people in rural villages of Java and Bali, the project attempts to reveal the interactional experiences that occur in the everyday life of rural village settings. Results indicate, first, that the Australians identified home, street, natural surroundings, and people as the everyday materials for them to see how others live their life. Second, the perceptions of pressure to buy appear during the dynamic process of interactions. Third, the visit to the rural villages of Indonesia become a comparative journey to enjoy the privilege of “home,” while the Australians are being “away.” As a conclusion, theoretical and practical understanding contribute to capture the specific market of Australians and how this market interacts with a specific space in Indonesia.

Key words: Interactions; Everyday life; Rural; Indonesia; Australia

Marketing Cultural Tourism in a Developing Country Setting: The Case of Murshidabad, West Bengal, India – 203
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16213644579300

Rupa Sinha*† and Stephen Pratt‡

*Institute of Management Studies, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Kolkata, India
†School of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, SRM University, Sikkim, India
‡School of Tourism & Hospitality Management, Faculty of Business & Economics, The University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji

Many potential destinations are rich in cultural resources. As cultural tourism becomes increasingly important for communities to showcase their cultural capital, it is vital to assess how cultural tourists can be better understood and serviced through planning and marketing to attract more international visitors. The marketing funnel process can help policymakers understand the critical components of tourists’ visiting behavior. The process conceptualizes the process of how a consumer purchases a product or service from awareness through to purchase. We augment this marketing funnel process by also noting the importance of postconsumption evaluation: the likelihood to recommend. Cultural heritage tourism is an important feature of India’s tourism. Murshidabad, a district of West Bengal, India, situated on the bank of Bhagirathi River, is 220 km away from the State capital, Kolkata. Murshidabad has a large number of cultural resources, both tangible and intangible. The study explores the cultural resources and their potential availability in Murshidabad. This will determine the scope of cultural heritage tourism development. This research assesses tourists’ awareness, visitation, and likelihood to recommend cultural heritage resources in Murshidabad. It also assesses residents’ perceptions towards cultural heritage tourism development as well as the community’s participation level in cultural tourism development. This research uses a quantitative method to sample both tourists and the local community. The findings reveal strong support for cultural tourism development among the local community and high willingness to recommend many cultural attractions, although promotion and awareness of some attractions can be improved.

Key words: Cultural tourism; India; Marketing funnel; Product development

Food Tourism in Oceania: Telling the Stories – 221
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16213644579328

Elizabeth Latham

New Zealand School of Tourism, New Zealand

All travelers eat and drink when they travel but not all travelers are food lovers or travel for food. This research explores food tourism and food tourists in two case studies of New Zealand and the Cook Islands. The research focuses on the information about food that food lovers seek, and the critical components required at a destination for food tourism to flourish. Thirty-one interviews were conducted in both New Zealand and Rarotonga using a purposive sample. The findings show that people want information about the food stories that they can trust. In both places, many of the stories are hidden and this leads to lost opportunity and potential disappointment for the food tourist. There is a lack of voice about the food culture. New Zealand promotes its primary produce to the world but it does not actively promote the opportunity to experience it at home. The Cook Island situation reflects the complexities of small island states with lack of consistency and complacency in the food on offer. A digital food resource is advocated in both places that is curated, articulated, and disseminated to focus the lens on the food culture and all its experiences.

Key words: Food tourism; Oceania destinations; Information sources; food culture

Determinants of Loyalty in Cultural Destinations: Evidence From Jordan – 235
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16213644579319

Ahmad Bahjat Shammout,* Nour Salah Al-Okaily,†‡ Ziad Alrawadieh,†‡ and Erdogan H. Ekiz§

*Department of Business Administration, Amman University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
†College of Tourism and Hospitality, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
‡Department of Tourism Management, School of Archaeology and Tourism, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
§School of Hospitality Business and Management, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco

It is commonly understood within the tourism industry that the longer term success of a destination depends on visitor loyalty. While there have been extensive scholarly investigations of destination loyalty, there has been minimal empirical examination of the most critical determinants of loyalty within a single integrated model, particularly in the context of cultural destinations. To bridge this gap, this study investigates the direct influence of five factors on destination loyalty; destination image, destination awareness, perceived risks, perceived quality, and perceived value. The authors also provide new evidence about these relationships, with a focus on Petra, one of the world’s most popular cultural-oriented destinations. Using a purposive sampling method, a total of 708 surveys were collected from international tourists who visited Petra between April and June 2019. It was found that all antecedents, apart from perceived risks, had a positive impact on destination loyalty. Apart from extending knowledge about destination loyalty, this study provides key implications for practitioners and proposes a future research agenda.

Key words: Destination image; Destination awareness; Perceived risks; Perceived quality; Perceived value; Destination loyalty

RESEARCH NOTE

Romanticizing the Raj Through Tales of the Royal Kitchens – 251
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16213713588808

Iti Roychowdhury

Amity School of Languages, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, India

Raj has always been a fascinating study for the West. East was that mystical land of snake charmers and tight rope walkers, of bejeweled Maharajas riding on elephants and naked fakirs performing their rope tricks. It has been debated that the Orient was romanticized for the West’s own interests—to lure the West to the East, to make postings to India more palatable, to find charm in an alien culture and civilization. The present article aims to explore how writings on the royal kitchen have added to the image of the exotic Orient and inspired interest both in India and in the Indian cuisine.

Key words: Orient; Cuisine; Royalty; India

TRILOGY ON STRATEGIES OF DISRUPTION IN RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES: ARTICLE 2 OF 3

The Reimagination of Tourism Studies: Positive Renewal, Restoration, and Revival Today – 259
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/194341421X16231805260340

Keith Hollinshead,* Rukeya Suleman,† and Alfred Vellah†

*Independent Scholar, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, UK
†International Tourism Studies, The University of Bedfordshire, Luton, UK

In this second of three related articles on the adoption of disruptive qualitative cum interpretive research approaches, further coverage is given to the contexts and issues that “soft science” social scientists (and humanists, and posthumanists) face today. While the first artricle (by Hollinshead, Suleman, and Nair here in the previous issue of Tourism, Culture & Communication) made the case for the potential of disruptive qualitative research and subtle science outlooks in Tourism Studies—to help compensate for the domain’s perduring calibrative, managerialist and fast-capitalist perspectives—this follow-up article is a consolidation of the advanced social justice material being covered overall. In this second of the three companion article, the authors provide a further insight on the soft science concepts and constructions that have been aired in the important watershed book on “subtle science methodology” by Brown, Carducci, and Kuby (entitled Disrupting Qualitative Inquiry). In this second of the three companion articles, the need for such research-as-resistance insights within Tourism Studies is expressed per medium of the complex ways in which tourism is imbricated with a sometimes bewildering litany of ongoing cultural, political, economic, environmental, psychic, and other matters, something that regularly renders the ontologies of tourism and travel/Tourism Studies difficult to profile and fathom on account of the fluid acumen (or plural knowability/critical multilogicality) required. At the end of this article, a further seven terms are explicated for the cumulative glossary being developed across the three companion articles. These terms include “methodological freedom” and “guided wandering” (vis-à-vis the discursive cartography of tourism). The third article by Hollinshead, Suleman, and Lo (to appear in the next issue of Tourism, Culture & Communication) will complete the additive glossary by explain terms and concepts that pertain to (1) the revised cognitive practices of tourism, and (2) the rhetorics of futurity of tourism.

Key words: Tourism studies; Resistance research; Disruptive inquiry; Critical approaches; Antioppressive methodologies; Indigenous thinking; Transgressive possibilities; Interruptive positions; Aspiration; Becoming

CRITICAL REVIEWS SECTION – 277

BOOK REVIEW

The Routledge Handbook of Consumer Behaviour in Hospitality and Tourism (Saurabh Kumar Dixit, Editor) – 279
Barbara Tomasella

BOOK REVIEW

Handbook of Cultural Economics (Ruth Towse and Trilce Navarrete Hernández, Editors) – 281
Jim Butcher

Full text articles available: CLICK HERE

Back issues of this journal are available online.  Order Here

Tourism Culture & Communication is indexed in:

CAB INTERNATIONAL (CABI)
C.I.R.E.T.
EBSCO DISCOVERY SERVICE-EDS
EMERGING SOURCES CITATION INDEX
GOOGLE ANALYTICS
I.B.S.S. PROQUEST
OCLC
PRIMO CENTRAL
PROQUEST
SCOPUS
WORLDCAT DISCOVERY SERVICES

Publishing Information

Advertisements: Tourism, Culture & Communication will accept advertisements. All advertisements are subject to approval by the Editors-in-Chief. For details and rates contact the Publisher.

Copyright Notice: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for the article is transferred to the publisher, if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic, or any other reproductions of similar nature and translations. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without permission in writing from the copyright holder.

Photocopying information for users in the USA: The Item Fee Code for this publication indicates that authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by the copyright holder for libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service provided the stated fee for copying beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Law is paid. The appropriate remittance of $60.00 per copy per article is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. The copyright owner’s consent does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific written permission must be obtained from the publisher for such copying. In case of doubt, please contact Cognizant Communication Corporation.

The Item Fee Code for this publication is 1098-304X/10 $60.00.

Copyright © 2021 Cognizant, LLC

Printed in the USA

Updated as of December 2020

Number of submissions:  250
Number of reviews requested:  140
Number of reviews received:  100
Approval rate:  8%
Average time between submission and publication:  7 months